What is the difference between vinegar essence and table vinegar. What is the difference between vinegar and acetic acid

Vinegar essence

Vinegar essence- the name of an 80% aqueous solution of acetic acid obtained in industry by pyrolysis of wood or from mineral hydrocarbons. In principle, vinegar essence can also be obtained from vinegar produced by acetic acid fermentation of alcohol-containing liquids, but this is economically unprofitable, therefore, in modern conditions all vinegar essence is made from purified acetic acid, produced from non-food raw materials.

Application

Acetic essence, and more often food acetic acid (70% strength), is used for the preparation of marinades, canned food, etc. (see Canning), as well as table vinegar.

Toxicity

Poisoning with vinegar essence or food acetic acid belong to the most frequent household intoxications, usually they are the result of suicide attempts, less often occur with an accidental intake of essence. A dose of 30-50 ml of food grade acetic acid can be fatal in the absence of immediate help.

Signs of poisoning

Severe burns of the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach; the consequences of the absorption of vinegar essence - acidosis, hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, impaired blood clotting, accompanied by severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Significant thickening of the blood is characteristic due to the loss of plasma through the burnt mucous membrane, which can cause shock. Dangerous complications of vinegar essence poisoning include acute renal failure and toxic liver dystrophy.

First aid

Drinking plenty of fluids Inducing vomiting is extremely dangerous, as the secondary passage of acid through the esophagus will aggravate the burn. Shows gastric lavage through a tube. Immediate hospitalization is required.

Prevention

Compliance with the rules for storing vinegar essence. (Previously, the essence was produced in triangular bottles to eliminate the possibility of confusion with other liquids or vinegar).


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    ACETIC ACID- (CH3COOH) colorless liquid with a pungent odor; well soluble in water (80% aqueous solution of food grade U. c. vinegar essence). U.K. is obtained by oxidation of acetaldehyde and other methods, food u.c. by acetic acid fermentation of alcoholic liquids ... Russian encyclopedia of labor protection

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Vinegar uses great amount people around the world. It is an indispensable component for preservation, which possesses unique properties... But still, few people know that vinegar and acetic acid are not the same thing. Because of this, various accidents very often occur, in which even deaths are possible. Therefore, let's see how vinegar differs from acetic acid.

Table vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH), which has a concentration of 6 to 9%, or another, depending on requirements. Also, you can always create the desired concentration for yourself, you just need to know how to dilute acetic acid in water, or rather in what proportions. Acetic acid, or acetic essence, is the trade name vinegar solution, but its concentration is 80%. In some countries, this acid has long been discontinued. There is also glacial acetic acid (anhydrous), which has a concentration of 99-100%. It is possible to buy such an acid only for research in special scientific laboratories. There is also acetic anhydride - a more dehydrated option. But the production of this substance is very closely monitored, since it is used for narcotic purposes for the manufacture of acylated opium at home. Of course, glacial acetic acid is also used for such purposes, but more rarely. It should be noted that acetic anhydride and acid are used in the synthesis of aspirin.

From what we have read, we can conclude that vinegar and acetic acid are practically the same thing, but with different concentrations of vinegar in water. Thus, it is important to know how you can dilute the vinegar essence or acid, as this will greatly help in the household, namely during the preparation of preservation. Dilution is very simple - acetic acid is simply mixed with a certain amount of water, and everything is a very simple process and can be done at home.

This is one of basic products obtained in the process of industrial organic synthesis. Acetic acid is colorless but different specific smell and taste, its production is carried out through the oxidation of a certain aldehyde; because of their chemical properties, it can cause significant harm to humans, so the liquid is used only in the form of aqueous solutions. More than half of the product produced is spent on the manufacture of polymers, as well as derivatives of vinyl acetate and cellulose.

What is acetic acid

It is a synthetic product formed by fermentation of ethanol and carbohydrates or after natural souring of dry wine varieties... Ethanic acid takes part in metabolic processes in the human body. The acidic liquid, in addition, is used for the preparation of preservation, marinades. Certain properties of the product make it indispensable in a variety of chemical compounds, household products.

Formula

Acetic acid contains vinegar 3-9% vinegar and 70-80% vinegar essence. The salts and esters of the product are called acetates. Plain vinegar, which is used in cooking, contains malic, ascorbic, acetic and lactic acids. About 5 million tons of ethanic acid are produced annually in the world. Her chemical formula has the following form: C2H4O2.

Receiving

What is acetic acid made of today? To obtain a liquid for technical purposes, black wood powder is used, which contains a large number of resinous substances. The most profitable chemically obtaining the product is the oxidation of ethanal or acetaldehyde, which is obtained in industry either by hydration of acetylene with mercury salts (the method is called the Chugaev reaction) or by oxidation ethyl alcohol over hot copper. Acetaldehyde is independently oxidized by oxygen and transformed into acetic acid.

The acetic acid solution is transported over different distances in road or rail tank cars made from special types of stainless steel materials. In warehouses, liquid is stored in sealed containers, containers, barrels under sheds or in special rooms. It is allowed to fill in and store acid in a polymer container for a maximum of one month.

Concentration

Acetic acid solutions that are used by the food industry, household cooking, conservation are called vinegar and vinegar essence. Absolute concentrated acid is called glacial, because when it freezes, it transforms into a mass that resembles ice in structure. Different concentration acetic acid determines the following product classification:

  • essence (contains 30-80% acid, is a component of medicines for itching, fungi);
  • ice (solution 96%, used to remove calluses, warts);
  • table vinegar (has a concentration of 3, 6 or 9%, is actively used for domestic purposes);
  • acetate substance (acid ester);
  • natural Apple vinegar(has a low acid percentage, used by cosmetologists, chefs);
  • balsamic vinegar(table product infused with certain herbs).

Properties

The transparent liquid has a pungent odor and a density of 1.05 g / cm2. The physical properties of acetic acid cause it to freeze at a temperature of 16.6 degrees, while the substance takes the form of transparent crystals resembling ice (because of this, a concentrated acidic liquid is called ice-cold). Acid has the ability to actively absorb moisture from the air, it can neutralize basic oxides and hydrates, and, in addition, displace carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide.

The effect of acetic acid on the human body

The vinegar product is classified as a substance with the third hazard class due to its flammability and dangerous effects on the body. For any work with the substance, specialists use modern protective equipment (gas masks). Even the food additive E-260 can be toxic to the body, but the degree of its effect depends on the concentration and quality of the product. Dangerous influence vinegar on the body is possible with acidity above 30%. If the concentrated substance interacts with the skin / mucous membranes, severe chemical burns will appear on the body.

With judicious use of the product, vinegar will help eliminate many diseases and cosmetic defects. So, the vinegar product is used for the treatment of colds and rheumatism as a preparation for grinding. The acidic liquid, in addition, has a bactericidal effect: a natural antiseptic helps to destroy fungi and other pathogenic flora with angina, pharyngitis, thrush. Vinegar is good for hair because it is excellent tool anti-dandruff. For the skin, the liquid is used in cosmetic wraps and as a remedy for itching after an insect bite.

Overdose

The effect of a vinegar product on the human body resembles the effect of nitric, sulfuric or hydrochloric acids, with the main difference being the surface effect of vinegar. The lethal dose of the product for humans is 12 ml: this amount is equal to about a glass table vinegar or 20-40 ml of essence. Acetic vapor, when it enters the lungs, causes the development of pneumonia with complications. Other symptoms of an overdose are:

  • hemorrhage of the liver;
  • tissue necrosis;
  • burn internal organs;
  • ulceration of the digestive tract;
  • nephrosis with concomitant death of renal cells.

The use of acetic acid

The acidic liquid is widely used in various fields. It is indispensable for pharmacology, since it serves as a component of aspirin, phenacetin and others drugs... During nitration, aromatic amines NH2-groups are protected by introducing the acetyl group CH3CO - this is also a common reaction in which vinegar is involved. The product plays an important role in the production of acetone, cellulose acetate, various synthetic dyes.

The production of various perfumes and non-combustible types of films is not complete without a product. An acidic liquid is often used in Food Industry, in the role of additive E-260. At the same time, household cooking and canning cannot do without vinegar. When dyeing, the main types of acid salts perform the function of special mordants, providing a strong bond of textile fibers with the dye. Acetic salts are often used to eradicate the most stubborn pests.

In medicine

In pharmacology and the medical field, liquid is used as the basis of medicines, for example, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). In addition, acetic acid salts of lead and aluminum are obtained from it, which act as astringents and are used to treat inflammatory processes of various etymologies. Vinegar has an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect, so it is used for headaches, fever, neuralgia, etc.

An acidic substance is often combined with others. medicines v folk medicine for the treatment of many pathologies - polyarthritis, lichen, rheumatism, head lice, alcohol poisoning, warts, radiculitis, etc. Examples of product application:

  1. Rubdown at high temperature... Better to use rice, apple or wine natural vinegar, but you can take a regular canteen (6 or 9%). 0.5 l warm water add 1 tbsp. l. vinegar, mix the composition, and then use for rubbing.
  2. Remedy for atherosclerosis. From 4 heads of garlic and 5 lemons, you need to squeeze the juice, mix the components with 0.5 liters of honey and 50 ml of vinegar (apple cider). You need to take the composition in 1 tbsp. l., mixed with ½ tbsp. water, three times a day. The course of therapy is 3 months.

In cosmetology

The product has shown its effectiveness in the fight against overweight and sagging skin. A course of wraps with vinegar allows you to almost completely eliminate cellulite. In addition, it is known about the use of liquid for the treatment of acne, acne and dandruff: this result is achieved due to the bactericidal properties of vinegar. Examples of product applications:

  1. Acetic peeling. Gauze folded in several layers is dipped in slightly warmed vinegar(you first need to make slits for the lips and eyes). The compress is placed on the face for 10 minutes. After removing the material, you need to walk for another hour without washing. After that, you need to take a napkin or a sponge of medium hardness, wipe your face with it, and then wash your face with cool water.
  2. A remedy for calluses. Mix 1 liter of warm water with 0.5 tbsp. apple cider vinegar and 1 tbsp. l. baking soda... Legs soar for at least 15 minutes, after which keratinized tissues are easily removed with the help of pumice.

Video

It is a transparent and colorless caustic poisonous liquid with a pronounced odor. It is a 70- or 80-percent solution of acetic acid, which is obtained by industrial dry distillation of wood or acetic acid

That is, vinegar essence is an aqueous solution of acetic acid with a concentration of seventy to eighty percent. Since undiluted it can be harmful to health (burns, poisoning), in many countries it is released in a special glass containers to ensure that it is not mistakenly used in place of other food liquids.

So what is this essence for? Despite the fact that wine or apple cider vinegar is used in the preparation of many dishes, including salads, sometimes vinegar essence is simply needed, mainly for preparing and preserving marinades for the winter. Of course, it is only used in a diluted form.

essence?

Of course, to compose correct proportion some mathematical knowledge is required. For example, one cannot do without the ability to correlate. As noted above, vinegar essence is
70- or 80-percent solution Therefore, to obtain
one liter of 3% vinegar, which is most often used in salads and other dishes, the vinegar essence must be diluted with distilled or simply boiled water in the following proportion: one part of the essence must be diluted with twenty-five parts of water. And to obtain six percent vinegar, you must adhere to a proportion of one to seven, i.e. add seven parts of water to one part of the essence. As for the seventy percent essence, in this case, to obtain three percent vinegar, you need to dilute it with 22 parts of water. For six percent vinegar, the ratio is one to eleven.

How to store vinegar essence?

The best material for storing this product is glass. In no case should this liquid be poured into metal containers. When pouring from one container to another, you must take precautions, do not spray or touch with bare hands, otherwise a burn may occur at the point of contact. Also, you can not inhale the smell of the essence, so as not to get poisoned and not to damage the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx. Store the product out of the reach of children in a tightly sealed bottle. By the way, the higher the percentage of vinegar essence, the higher the likelihood of poisoning with it.

When canning vegetable marinades chefs advise putting the vinegar essence into jars at the very last moment before rolling. And since vinegar essence is a very concentrated product, it must be used carefully, in strict proportions. For example, in cooking, when preparing marinades for one liter jar it is recommended to use one teaspoon of the essence.

Acetic formulations find their use in many areas. The proportion of the main substance in them can be different. Let's consider the issue in more detail and find out how acetic acid differs from acetic essence.

General information

The basic substance in all cases is acetic acid. It looks like water - the same transparent liquid. However, in this case, the characteristics will be a pungent, aggressive odor and a pronounced sour taste... However, try such a product food variety(as well as inhaling its vapors) is permissible only in a diluted version, otherwise you can get severe burns.

Produce the specified substance different ways, including through fermentation, when the action of certain bacteria in wine liquids is used. Acetic compositions are in demand in household cooking and food preservation. They, like ammonia, bring to life a person who has fainted, and sometimes become a medicine, for example, against a fungus. The practical use of such liquids can be found in their ability to corrode scale on the elements of devices.

Comparison

So, the two subjects of discussion are of the same nature. And the difference between acetic acid and acetic essence lies in the degree of concentration. In the first case, we are talking about a specific chemical substance, which is taken as a basis. I must say that you will not find absolute, undiluted acetic acid on the store counter.

In the meantime, vinegar essence can be purchased. This is also a very strong composition, but it contains a noticeable percentage of water. The inscription on the label of the purchased product "Acetic acid 70%" means what proportion of the main substance is in this liquid, which is essentially an essence.

In addition to these, there is another compound of the same category, simply called vinegar. In that aqueous solution acid is even less. Its concentration here can be in the range of, say, six or nine percent. Table vinegar used in salads and other dishes is bought ready-made or obtained by diluting the essence strictly according to the instructions.

Summarize. What is the difference between acetic acid and vinegar essence? The fact that the first product is basic, and the second is a derivative. Mix acid with water in different proportions. The concentrated composition will be the essence. A weaker solution is the well-known vinegar.

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