After alcohol poisoning. Vomiting with alcohol poisoning: why it occurs, how to stop it

Alcohol poisoning is a dangerous condition during which most of the internal organs, brain. It can lead to permanent disability and death. This article discusses in detail the first aid for alcohol poisoning at home, the main signs of the use of alcohol surrogates.

What are the main causes of alcohol poisoning

Below are the main causes of alcohol poisoning.

One-time big reception alcoholic beverages. Intoxication develops at a blood alcohol concentration of 2.5 g/l. It should be noted that this concentration is individual for each person. It depends on its weight, age, working capacity of the liver and kidneys.
Alcohol intake along with medicinal or narcotic substances. Some drugs increase the effect of alcohol on the body. For example, antidepressants, barbiturates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
A binge is a state of prolonged and uninterrupted intake of alcohol for several days, months. This condition occurs with alcoholism.
Reception of alcohol substitutes (methyl, ethylene glycol). These fluids are used in industries. Unscrupulous manufacturers of alcohol sometimes dilute vodka with them. These drinks are deadly.

What are the symptoms of alcohol poisoning

The first signs of alcohol poisoning appear after a few hours. Their severity depends on the quantity and quality of the drink.

Remember that with methyl poisoning, the first symptoms may appear only after 1-2 days.

Ethyl alcohol poisoning

Ethyl alcohol intoxication develops as a result of taking large doses of alcohol, the concentration of alcohol in the blood rises sharply. The development of poisoning indicates the inability of the body to neutralize alcohol molecules on its own. At alcohol poisoning the nervous, digestive, respiratory and endocrine systems suffer.

We list the main symptoms of ethyl alcohol poisoning.

Nausea and vomiting. Vomiting is a defense mechanism. With its help, the stomach tries to get rid of excess alcohol.
Diarrhea develops due to a malfunction of the pancreas. It can be abundant and lead to severe dehydration.
Severe abdominal pain, which may be localized in the stomach or intestines. Such pain is caused by inflammation of the gastric mucosa, flatulence and damage to the pancreas.
Nervous deviations. With alcohol poisoning, the brain tissue receives less oxygen and glucose. Due to dehydration and thickening of the blood, vasospasm develops. Symptoms of damage to brain cells by alcohol:

hallucinations;
cramps that apply to all muscle groups;
increased agitation and aggressiveness;
not a special act of defecation and urination;
impaired consciousness, in which the victim gradually sinks into a stupor, and then falls into a deep coma.

Shallow and rapid breathing. The patient gradually develops respiratory failure.

Methyl alcohol poisoning

The main symptom is blurred vision. A person complains of a weakening of the clarity of the seen picture, a feeling of clouding before the eyes. Methyl alcohol leads to complete and irreversible blindness.

Other symptoms are the same as in ethanol poisoning.

Ethylene glycol poisoning

How to help the victim

First aid for alcohol poisoning should begin immediately after the onset of signs of the disease. First, you should call the emergency ambulance team home. Describe the patient's symptoms to the dispatcher. Self-medication at home with this condition is prohibited. First aid for alcohol poisoning at home is provided by relatives before the arrival of doctors. Exactly from timely pre-medical the right help life expectancy depends.

The following are emergency care alcohol intoxication, which must be provided to the victim before the arrival of emergency medical personnel.

Gastric lavage is necessary to clean the stomach cavity from alcohol or toxic substances. By cleaning the stomach, you can improve the patient's condition.

Please note that gastric lavage at home is carried out only for people who are conscious. If the patient is in a coma or heavily intoxicated, this procedure may result in aspiration of water into the lungs and choking on vomit.

In order to cleanse the stomach at home, you need to drink 1 liter of plain table water in one gulp and then vomit it. This procedure can be done several times. No need to add medicines or potassium permanganate to the water for washing.

Purgation

An enema is performed to cleanse the intestines from the decay products of alcohol and toxins. It helps to reduce intoxication syndrome. The enema is a must emergency care with alcohol intoxication.

To carry it out, use water at a neutral (room) temperature. It is impossible to add medicines or herbal solutions to it. An enema should be done until clean washings are obtained.

Sorbents

Sorbents are drugs that remove toxins and poisons from the body. They accelerate the neutralization of alcohol, reduce intoxication syndrome.

Carefully read the rules for selecting the dosage of the sorbent. It may depend on the weight or age of the patient. Sorbents need to be washed down with a large amount of liquid. Water enhances their ability to bind toxins.

Preparations:

Activated carbon;
white coal;
sorbex;
enterosgel;
smect.

Plentiful drink

The patient must be given water to drink. This should be done after washing the stomach and intestines. It is better to drink a little bit, in small sips. Drinking will reduce dehydration and make you feel better.

What to do if the patient loses consciousness

In case of severe alcohol poisoning, the victim may be unconscious, in a coma. You should check his breathing, heartbeat and put on a hard, flat surface on his side. If you can't turn it on its side, at least turn your head. This is necessary to prevent tongue retraction and choking with vomit.

The pulse is checked on the carotid artery. Breathing can be checked by placing a hand on a person's chest, while feeling its movement during inhalation and exhalation. When breathing and palpitations stop, chest compressions should be started.

Follow-up treatment

Arriving at the call, doctors begin providing first aid in case of alcohol poisoning. First of all, they conduct a quick assessment of the patient's condition. Close people need to tell the symptoms in detail, describe the help that they managed to provide on their own, name the approximate time the patient consumed alcohol and its amount.

What does first aid consist of?

cleaning the stomach through a tube is carried out for people in an unconscious state;
connecting a dropper with medicines to relieve alcohol intoxication;
connecting the patient to oxygen through a mask;
normalization of cardiac activity with the help of medications.

Then the doctors hospitalize the patient in the toxicology department or intensive resuscitation. In the hospital, blood is taken from him for alcohol and toxins. The duration of hospitalization depends on the condition of the patient.

Inpatient treatment may include:

hemodialysis (blood purification). The patient is connected to a special apparatus "artificial kidney", which purifies all the blood. Hemodialysis is performed to quickly remove toxins from the body. It is done for all poisonings with a substitute for alcohol;
administration of an antidote. In case of methyl poisoning, an antidote is used - ethyl alcohol. It is administered to the patient intravenously in a low concentration throughout the day. Only through the introduction of an antidote can total blindness be avoided;
intravenous drip injection of solutions to eliminate intoxication (trisol, disol, reopoliglyukin, reosorbilact, glucose).

Alcohol poisoning is one of the most dangerous intoxications. It often causes disability, permanent disability, blindness, and death. Treatment of alcohol intoxication is carried out in the toxicology or intensive care unit. When the first symptoms of the disease appear, an emergency medical team should be called. Before the arrival of doctors, you can try to wash the patient's stomach and intestines, give him sorbents and drink.

Elementary ignorance of the rules and sequence of actions to provide emergency assistance in case of toxic effects ethyl alcohol on the body leads to death in 37% of cases of abuse of strong alcohol. Every year more than 10 thousand people die from surrogates. In most cases, the reason for this number of deaths is the lack of information on what to do in case of alcohol poisoning at home, and the untimely appeal to medical workers. Even an increase in the cost of excises and an anti-alcohol state company are not able to free the shelves of shops and supermarkets from low-quality fakes and counterfeits. And they are on sale about 60%. The fight against the deliberate use of substitutes containing alcohol is also ineffective. You should know what to do in case of alcohol poisoning and its poisonous counterparts in order to avoid the danger of general intoxication and prevent serious irreparable consequences.

Signs of acute alcohol poisoning

Slowly destroys the body every glass of strong drink or a glass with a low percentage of alcohol alcoholic beverage. The feeling of euphoria and relaxation that occurs in a state of mild intoxication is replaced by a severe terrible hangover and withdrawal symptoms. Acute alcohol poisoning occurs:

migraine, dizziness, pulsation in the temporal and occipital region;
vomiting, abdominal pain, flatulence;
watery or loose stools;
impaired coordination of movements;
a sharp change in blood pressure and fever;
palpitations, lack of oxygen;
difficulty passing urine;
pain in the right hypochondrium.

A person who drinks daily is at greater risk. Important vital systems cease to perform their natural functions, the processes of digestion, respiration, blood circulation, hormone production are disrupted, and mental disorders occur. A weakened body is not able to remove severe alcohol poisoning, a coma occurs:

superficial. The person is conscious, but the pupils react poorly to light, vision deteriorates. There is reddening of the face, lack of logical thinking. Strong vomiting opens. In the blood no more than 3 ppm of alcohol;
medium degree. Breathing is difficult, wheezing appears. Spontaneous defecation and excretion of urine. Periodic loss of consciousness, lack of motor and visual reflexes. Alcohol indicators - 6.5 ppm;
coma. Convulsions, critical temperature, 35°C, and pressure, weak pulse, unconsciousness.

Severe chronic alcohol poisoning is difficult to remove on your own, no matter what you just try to do at home. Only experienced narcologists will be able to rid the victim of toxins and poisons.

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning

Among cases of intoxication with pure ethyl alcohol, few examples are known. They are mainly associated with chronic poisoning in the process of regular uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages. Surrogates have a stronger effect higher alcohols which are deadly to the human body.

Buying another bottle strong alcohol, you need to prepare for the fact that after the first 100 grams drunk, the first characteristic signs of poisoning are detected methyl alcohol. It has the same taste and smell as the traditional ethyl counterpart. It is his unscrupulous underground producers that are mixed with ethanol to obtain a large number drink. Formic acid and formaldehyde, the breakdown products of methanol, are the poisons that cause severe vomiting, dizziness, low body temperature and death. As little as 5-10 grams cause vision loss and blindness.

Based on ethylene glycol, antifreezes, brake fluids and antifreeze are produced, which are used instead of vodka by drinkers. long time people. The oxalic acid formed during splitting completely destroys the kidneys and liver function. In case of ethylene glycol poisoning, nausea, thirst, renal colic, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are observed. The pupils dilate, the skin acquires a bluish tint, shortness of breath appears and decreases sharply. arterial pressure. Lethal outcome occurs in the first day. Cause: paralysis respiratory system. Lethal dose- 100-150 grams.

The most unpredictable among the surrogates is dichloroethane solvent, which may not show itself for several days. Cause a general poisoning of the body 20 grams of an alcohol-containing substance.

Drinking dangerous substitutes for ethyl alcohol usually occurs on the street or in a garage, non-residential premises, so the only thing that needs to be done in case of alcohol poisoning with poisonous alcohols at home is to call immediately ambulance. Although doctors rarely have time to help a poisoned person.

First aid at home for alcohol poisoning

Measures to remove toxins from the body depend on how bad a person feels after drinking a strong alcoholic drink. First aid for alcohol poisoning acute form provides for the independent implementation of all necessary procedures by the victims.

Cleansing of the stomach. It is necessary to drink at least 1 liter of salted water or with the addition of a few grains of potassium permanganate. This amount will be enough to induce vomiting. Take activated charcoal at the rate of 4 tablets for every 10 kg of weight.

Recovery water balance. The excretion of potassium, magnesium and sodium salts in the urine can adversely affect the functioning of the kidneys. You will need plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Drink mineral water, cucumber pickle.

When the symptoms of poisoning are weakened, the patient needs to be warmed. Use mustard plasters, a warm blanket, a heating pad, sweet hot tea. Even if the victim feels hungry, it is not recommended to eat. Food will cause a new attack of vomiting and diarrhea, worsen the condition. It is better not to take risks before being examined by ambulance doctors.

If alcohol poisoning provoked a loss of consciousness, then the first thing to do is to bring the patient to his senses, do artificial respiration and heart massage, turn him on his side. So he will not be able to choke on vomit and will breathe. The poisoned person woke up - take the above measures to remove ethyl alcohol and its residues from the body.

Poisoning with alcohol substitutes: emergency care

It is very difficult for a person without medical education and in conditions of danger to the life of the victim to concentrate and decide how to treat poisoning surrogate alcohol, and what to do, first of all, at home. The most important thing is to find out the source and name of the toxic substance, urgently contact the medical institution. And only after that, follow the rules for providing emergency care until the arrival of doctors in case of poisoning with alcohol surrogates.

If an ethylene glycol-based liquid has entered the body. Be sure to carry out the procedure of gastric lavage, ensure plenty of fluids. Solution from 200 ml warm water, 3-5 grams baking soda or 30 grams of magnesium sulfate powder. 30-50 grams of vodka will serve as an antidote. Before the doctors arrive, you can give the victim kefir, milk or 2-3 raw egg whites.

A poisoned person with methyl alcohol is also treated with ethanol. It is enough to drink no more than 50 grams. Induce the patient to vomit. To do this, dilute 2 teaspoons of soda in 1.5 - 2 liters of warm water. After relief, give strong tea and 2 tablets activated carbon, make a cold compress on the head. It is recommended to dilute 20 drops of ammonia or mint alcohol in a glass of water and drink in small sips.

What medicines to take for alcohol poisoning

An external improvement in a person's condition after exposure to toxic toxic substances does not yet indicate a complete cleansing of the body. To cope with internal organ damage will help only medications, which are recommended to be taken with alcohol intoxication at home.

To restore the water-electrolyte balance and reduce the level of dehydration can powder for oral administration - "Regidron". It is dissolved in a liter of warm water and drunk in small sips. You can replace it with Hydrovit, Citraglucosolan or Trihydron.

Reception of enterosorbents promotes the absorption of toxins and the protection of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. The herbal preparation "Filtrum-STI" prevents diarrhea, binds toxins and protects the gastrointestinal tract. Dosage per day should not exceed 12-16 tablets. Use analogues: "Neosmectin" and "Polysorb MP".

Helps with severe vomiting, flatulence and disruption of the biliary tract tablet "Metoclopramide". They relieve nausea and hiccups, accelerate metabolism in the intestines, and do not cause diarrhea. Dosage - 10 mg 3 times a day. Use the same "Cerucal", "Gastrosil", "Perinorm".

Essliver Forte. It is very important to restore and protect the liver in case of alcohol poisoning, which contributes to the rapid breakdown and removal of residual toxins from the body. Daily rate- 2 capsules 3 times. The tablets "Glutargin", "Essentiale forte N" will act no less intensively.

To normalize digestion and restore intestinal microflora, Linex should be taken. It is suitable for diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence. Beneficial bacteria as part of the drug, they have an immunostimulating effect, participate in the synthesis of potassium and vitamins of group B. Drink 2 capsules after meals 3 times a day. Similar in action to drugs, like Acipol and Bifidumbacterin.

How to recover

An important role after intensive drug treatment of intoxication is occupied by proper nutrition, which will provide the body with the missing vitamins, minerals, micro and macro elements. The first 5-7 days after the removal of toxic substances, you will have to limit yourself to heavy, poorly digestible food, and observe a sparing regimen. What to drink and eat after alcohol poisoning:

boiled meat. Light chicken breast, lean beef;
vegetable soup with herbs;
porridge. Eat buckwheat, rice, oatmeal;
yogurt, kefir, low-fat cottage cheese;
green tea;
bananas.

Smoked meats, sausages and confectionery, flour products, pasta. It is also necessary to refuse legumes, like peas, beans. And, of course, if a person is poisoned by alcohol, alcohol-containing drugs and alcoholic beverages are prohibited.

The use of alcoholic beverages in small quantities relieves mental stress, improves mood, gives a feeling of freedom and fun. To experience these incredible feelings, people drink alcohol. But when they do not control their drinking by increasing the doses, the consequences can be the most unpredictable. What to do in case of alcohol poisoning?

Due to the use of alcohol in huge quantities alcohol poisoning appears. But you can get intoxication not only through alcohol. Preparations containing alcohol - perfumes, cosmetics, tinctures - they can also cause poisoning. All of these drugs cause dysfunction of the heart, kidney and liver disease, and the use of alcoholic beverages in large quantities sometimes leads to death.

alcohol poisoning in mild form can be characterized by a feeling of a slight degree of fever, unbridled fun. The average form of fever is accompanied by dysfunction of movement, emotionality, a person has a high opinion of himself, brain activity falls. Such forms of alcohol fever do not need treatment and pass after some time. But if you "got sick", what to do with alcohol poisoning? - Doctor's help is required.

Alcohol fever symptoms:

Red spots appeared on the face and incoherent speech.
Brilliant lights in the eyes and wide pupils.
Increase in sweating.
Small pulse and low blood pressure.
Nausea and loss of consciousness.
No self-criticism.

If you cannot help a person who has been poisoned by alcohol at home, this will lead to death in several ways:

If you cure an alcoholic with alcohol poisoning at home in time, you can not only save him from unpleasant symptoms and save his life, but also stop the further development of alcohol fever and fainting. In case of poisoning, an alcoholic is given drugs that remove toxic substances, or they are allowed to take special pills.

What should be done with alcohol fever?

The method of treating alcohol poisoning is similar to treating another type of poisoning at home. Be sure to call the doctors. It can be given to take soothing pills to get rid of unpleasant symptoms.

If the person is in a seated position, lay them on their side. You can not put an alcoholic on his back, otherwise he will suffocate with nausea. We need to help him get rid of the vomiting. If the alcoholic is not sick, it is necessary to provoke vomiting. Hold your tongue with something. You can induce vomiting if a person is conscious after drinking.

Send the alcoholic to fresh air or ventilate the room. So, you can avoid pressure surges. You can not take drugs - they can cause a reaction along with alcohol and vividly express symptoms.

Cleanse your stomach warm water let me drink sweet tea. It is better to drink green tea containing antioxidants that remove poisons. To bring a person to a normal state and avoid fainting, do not forget ammonia. You can’t sniff the whole jar, the alcoholic will feel bad from the pungent smell.

Why is alcohol poisoning dangerous?

If an alcoholic has poisoned himself, you need to help him in time or this will lead to negative phenomena. He may fall into a coma. How to distinguish a person who has fallen into a coma or just fell asleep? First, check if there is a pupil reaction to light. Pupils can be of different sizes, and the fundus can move. If the eyes do not respond to light, the person is in a coma.

Another problem can be called dysfunction of the respiratory tract. It occurs due to damage to the central nervous system, but may occur due to the remaining vomit. This leads to respiratory arrest. If the patient breathes intermittently, is pale and has blue integuments, it is urgent to save his life and you can give him carvalol to drink.

If there are changes in the heart, then you need to measure the pulse. If it is weak, intermittent, then the person has big problems with the heart. When a person is in a coma, he involuntarily urinates. In case of severe alcohol poisoning, you need to seek emergency help.

At frequent use alcohol, the water balance is disturbed, the kidneys do not work, the urinary system is also undermined. The liver suffers the most, because it breaks down and removes alcohol, and cannot get rid of it. If a person suffers from chronic diseases heart and blood vessels, stomach, intestines, alcohol intoxication exacerbates these diseases and clearly manifests symptoms.

What should not be done with alcohol intoxication?

You can't hangover with an alcoholic.
After drinking, you should not drink alcohol and eat spicy, fatty or salty foods.
Do not force him to do active loads. After a heavy drinking, you can not eat and go to the gym.
Make them take a cool shower. Due to the drop in temperature, the regulation of metabolism worsens and the body cannot adapt to sharp temperature fluctuations.
Don't leave an alcoholic alone.

What should be done with alcohol intoxication?

You need to be aware of the signs of alcohol intoxication and not be afraid to look stupid in any position, even if the signs are visible,

Procedure:

What do you need to know about alcohol?

Alcohol is ethanol, a transparent substance that has toxins. It is easy to mix with water and dissolve fats in it. Where there are no barriers, ethanol seeps everywhere. Therefore, pregnant women should not use it, rub the heels of children with illness. Ethanol quickly penetrates the body.

The lethal amount is 300 ml of the purest alcohol. If you have not eaten anything, half the dose enters the stomach in 10 minutes, the time increases, with existing stomach diseases. After 1-3 hours, the maximum content appears in the blood.

The work of the heart and internal organs is disturbed, incomprehensible speech appears, coordination is disturbed - all these are symptoms of poisoning and you need to get rid of them as soon as possible.

What types of alcohol poisoning exist?

Alcohol poisoning when the dose is exceeded. Doctors define this condition in which the patient experiences symptoms such as great weakness with severe drowsiness. An alcoholic remains conscious and cannot eat or drink. If a strong degree is observed, then the alcoholic loses consciousness and cannot move, the muscles relax, irritation appears. In addition, a person has blue skin, breathing slows down, cardiac arrhythmia, and a weak pulse are observed. If a person stays in this state for two hours, he will die.

Are the use of fakes, drinks of inadequate quality, as well as immoderation in taking alcohol. All this causes intoxication of the body. If a person has the main signs of such a condition, then no time should be wasted. It is necessary to immediately begin to take measures that will allow you to begin active resistance to the poisons that have accumulated in the body.

Urgent assistance to a person in such a situation is extremely necessary. Otherwise, it may threaten the development of the most dangerous consequences for his health.

What should be done in case of alcohol poisoning at home? All effective measures should be aimed at restoring the water balance, the use of sorbents, as well as the normalization of the intestinal microflora.

The onset of intoxication

Almost every adult has some experience of drinking alcohol. After all, these are our traditions - to celebrate significant events at the table, on which there are bottles of alcohol, surrounded by a generous snack. Unfortunately, not everyone is able to take into account their capabilities and empty the poured glass wisely. The result is alcohol poisoning.

When drinking alcohol, the nervous system is in the so-called floating state, provoked by the psychoactive effects of ethanol. At the bottom of a glass or glass, people sometimes begin to look for a feeling of euphoria and good mood. These signs indicate alcohol intoxication.

It is important for each of us to know that even a few drops of alcohol affect the state of the body. The more a person drinks, the more serious the consequences of his intoxication will be.

It should also be borne in mind that alcoholic beverages affect the nervous system in different ways. There are among them the most "harmless", which contain no more than 15% ethanol. Such drinks include wine and vermouth, champagne and beer. And if they are used in large quantities gin and whiskey, tequila, cognac or vodka, poisoning will certainly come. You should not get carried away with such strong drinks.

Stages of poisoning

How does alcohol damage the body? Ethanol, which is part of the "laughing" drink, enters the stomach. Then it moves into the blood, being absorbed by the mucous membranes. Some of the toxic substances are trying to neutralize the liver. However, a large proportion of them in the form of unprocessed poison reaches the brain tissues. At this stage, changes occur in the functioning of internal organs, as well as in the structure of neurons.

Alcohol intoxication is divided into several stages. Let's consider them in more detail.

Light degree

Why is alcohol put on festive table? So that guests can experience a pleasant feeling of light intoxication. After all, a couple of glasses of wine gives an emotional lift and unmotivated bliss. In this state, it is difficult for a person to assess their capabilities. They will obviously be overpriced. However, in reality, a person’s podshofe decreases physical and mental activity. And if he starts to work, he starts to make a large number of mistakes.

All these signs are related to a mild degree of intoxication. In addition, a tipsy state is determined by dilated pupils and a slightly flushed face, a raised voice and categorical statements, difficulties in concentrating attention and coherent expression of thoughts.

Average degree

Signs of this stage of alcohol poisoning can cause serious concern among others. The person begins to stagger from side to side, he has a violation of coordination of movements and incoherence of speech. He himself speaks of double vision.

With an average degree of intoxication, a person ceases to be responsible for his actions and words. But in general, his behavior is determined by the warehouse of character. Alcohol causes either bravado and boastfulness, or resentment and vulnerability, or aggression and scandalousness.

Severe degree

The aggravation of the condition of a drunk person leads to illegibility and meaninglessness of speech. And his face doesn't just turn red. The skin becomes hot to the touch. The overall picture in severe cases is complemented by a low pain threshold, when a person, even a seriously injured person, does not feel it.

IN this case Alcohol poisoning can have quite serious consequences. It becomes difficult for a drunk person to breathe, which can lead to cardiac arrest. And when a portion of alcohol enters the body, in which pure alcohol is from 300 to 400 g, acute intoxication occurs. Its symptoms are expressed as follows:

convulsions;
respiratory failure;
copious salivation;
redness of the whites of the eyes.

With such symptoms, a person needs qualified medical help.

Alcoholic coma

After a severe degree, a person may experience a kind of stunning of the body. A coma is possible in cases where there is up to 3% ethanol in the blood. The main symptom of an approaching danger is a deep faint, and an indicator of a deterioration in well-being is a person’s eyes, in which:

there is no light reaction of the pupils;
the corneal reflex stops working, which consists in closing the eyelids when touching the cornea;
eyeballs begin to move like a pendulum;
there is a narrowing of the pupils or their alternating narrowing and expansion.

In a state of coma, the tongue sinks. This leads to the fact that the vomit enters the respiratory tract. This, as well as excessive secretion of phlegm and saliva, contributes to difficulty breathing. The person wheezes sometimes. The skin on his face turns blue. Blood pressure in this state is reduced, and the pulse is rather weak.

Poisoning by surrogates

Very often, intoxication occurs in those who take liquids "on the chest" that are clearly not intended for ingestion. These are lotions and colognes, mash, denatured alcohol, etc. With such poisoning, symptoms in a person can be observed somewhat different than with classical intoxication. The feeling of intoxication in this case is practically absent, but at the same time there is:

impaired sense of smell and vision;
noise in ears;
pain in the abdomen;
increased salivation.

If at the same time help is not provided to a person in a timely manner, then he may die. However, this cannot be done on your own. If there is poisoning low-quality alcohol, what to do? When the first signs of such intoxication appear, you need to take the person to the hospital or call an ambulance for him.

Rapid relief

You can not resort to the help of doctors only for mild to moderate poisoning. In these cases, you can cope with this condition yourself at home. What to do in case of alcohol poisoning? To do this, it will be necessary to carry out a number of measures that can rid the body of the victim of ethanol and its decay products, as well as bring the person to his senses. In order to do this as soon as possible, the patient, who is conscious and able to respond to manipulation, should:

Apply a cool compress to the head.
Rinse the stomach, using any method.
Brew strong black tea for the patient to drink.
Give a person any of the sorbents.

What to do in case of alcohol poisoning if a person has an unconscious state? In this case, he will need to call an ambulance. Before examining a patient by a doctor, it is necessary:

give the victim a sniff of cotton wool with ammonia;
unfasten the patient's clothes and lay him on his side, placing a roller under his head;
provide fresh air in the room;
avoid overheating or hypothermia of a person, and also do not leave him unattended.

An unconscious patient should not have a gastric lavage. After all, the resulting vomit can penetrate the respiratory system and cause partial or complete asphyxia.

In cases where cardiac arrest occurs severe poisoning alcohol, what to do? Resuscitation should be carried out urgently. They should be performed in the form of an indirect heart massage, as well as artificial respiration.

Gastric lavage

If alcohol poisoning occurs, what should I do? Medicines should not be used if symptoms of intoxication are detected. After all, some of them, in combination with alcohol, can give such an “explosive mixture” that will only worsen the patient's condition.

The victim must be given water to drink. It should be quite a lot - from 300 to 500 ml. This will induce vomiting, which will empty the stomach of toxic contents. In many cases, the effect occurs immediately, even without pressure on the root of the tongue. It will be necessary to provoke vomiting several times until the stomach is completely empty, and only clear water begins to come out of it.

What to do in case of alcohol poisoning, if the victim, even after all the manipulations, still has indomitable vomiting? You can cope with this condition if you apply ice to the back of the patient's head or hold his head under a stream of cool water. And if, after alcohol poisoning, he vomits bile, what should I do? Then the patient should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible.

Restoring fluid balance

What is the next step that can help with alcohol poisoning? It consists in restoring the volume of fluid lost by the body. After all, intoxication is accompanied by dehydration. This is the process when large amounts of liquid are excreted along with the urine.

What to do in case of alcohol poisoning at this stage of assistance? Drink a person with any liquid available in the house. It is best to use mineral water or pure water for this purpose, in which it is desirable to add lemon juice.

With vomiting that torments a person, normalization of the body's water balance will be effective when using drugs that are part of the group of rehydrating substances. They contain a sufficient amount of sodium, potassium and chlorides, and in some cases carbohydrates.

Drugs that can cope with dehydration are:

"Rehydron". In case of alcohol poisoning, it is taken in 10-17 ml per 1 kg of the victim's weight.
"Hydrovit".
"Citraglucosolan".

The last two drugs are analogues of Regidron. And if these medicines are not available, and alcohol poisoning has occurred, what should I do at home? Then the remedy for dehydration of the body will need to be prepared independently. To do this, pour 1 liter of water into the container. Further, 1 tsp is dissolved in this volume. soda and table salt, as well as 4 tbsp. l. granulated sugar. Such a healing solution is recommended to be taken by the victim in 2-3 sips with a break every half hour.

Treatment with sorbents

If poisoning occurs after alcohol, what should be done at the next stage of body recovery? Helping the patient in such cases is unthinkable without the use of sorbents. Their action in the intestine promotes the capture of toxic substances, as well as their decay products and their excretion along with feces.

What is taken in such situations?

Enterosgel. This drug is added to the water used for gastric lavage. As a rule, in this case, take from 10 to 30 g of the substance. After the end of the gastric lavage manipulations, the Enterosgel preparation is given to the patient for oral administration from 40 to 50 g. After 4-8 hours, he should take another 15-30 g of this sorbent.
"Polysorb". This drug is taken as a solution. One tablespoon of it is diluted in 125 ml of water. Reception of the sorbent "Polysorb" is carried out in the morning and evening hours. And if there is severe poisoning alcohol, what to do? In such cases, this sorbent must be taken up to five times a day.
"Smekta". This drug contributes to the creation of not only a sorbing, but also an enveloping effect. This is a clear advantage of the remedy, which allows it to relieve a person of the symptoms of intoxication in the shortest possible time. The drug "Smecta" is also recommended to prevent a hangover. To do this, you should drink 1 or 2 sachets of it at once in the evening, and one more sachet in the morning.
"Filtrum". Taking this drug contributes not only to the removal of toxins from the intestines, but also to the restoration of its beneficial microflora. A single dosage of the drug is 1-3 tablets, which are recommended to be given to the patient 3-4 times a day.
Activated carbon. This tool has minimal sorption means. However, it is also taken for alcohol poisoning due to availability. Tablets are pre-crushed before use. After that, the resulting powder is mixed with water, which is used to wash the stomach. Further, activated charcoal is taken 1 tablet per 10 kg of human body weight. It is advisable to dilute the tablets with water.

The sorbents listed above are not taken with drugs that can reduce their effectiveness.

Restoration of intestinal microflora

If alcohol poisoning occurs, what to do at home? At the next stage of treatment, probiotics must be used. They will restore healthy intestinal microflora, which is destroyed by alcoholic beverages. These drugs include "Enterol" and "Linex", "Baktisubtil" and "Phosphalugel", as well as lactobacilli.

How to stop vomiting?

A very unpleasant phenomenon is the reflex eruption of the contents of the stomach when alcohol poisoning occurs. What to do?

Vomiting is sometimes present for a long time and may be as follows:

with food debris, which is the norm for this symptom, which can be eliminated by drinking a large amount of liquid;
with secretions of yellow-green color, which indicate the pathology of the biliary tract;
with bloody impurities, which confirms the presence of internal bleeding;
with black vomit, indicating the localization of bleeding in the digestive organs.

If, with prolonged vomiting, there are any inclusions, then it is necessary to show the patient to the doctor. At home, you can use tools such as:

Dill seeds. They are used to make a decoction. At the same time, they take 2 tsp. raw materials, pour it with 100 ml of boiling water and cook for 5 minutes. Chilled broth should be drunk for 1-2 times.
Melissa tea. It is prepared from several branches of the plant, which are poured with boiling water and infused after that for several hours. The entire volume obtained is drunk 3-4 times. Mint can be prepared in a similar way.
Apple vinegar. It is taken in the volume of one small spoon and mixed with 100 ml of water. Drink the drug in one go. Do this 3 to 5 times a day.

Alcohol, even in small doses, has a toxic effect on the central nervous system. In medicine, there are three stages of alcohol intoxication - mild, moderate and severe.

What are the signs of alcohol poisoning and how to remove alcohol intoxication at home? What medicines can be used to relieve a hangover syndrome? What can not be done in case of poisoning, and in what cases should you consult a doctor without wasting time on self-treatment? Let's look at these questions, but first, let's define what alcohol poisoning is.

What is alcohol intoxication

The term alcohol intoxication itself means the poisoning of the body with ethyl alcohol. Normally, a small amount of ethanol is neutralized in the liver without consequences for the body. But when using the amount of alcohol that exceeds the detoxification capacity of the liver, the poison enters the brain and causes disturbances in higher nervous activity. Outwardly, this is manifested by a feeling of euphoria, clouding of consciousness, impaired coordination.

With a severe degree of poisoning, a person loses sensitivity, reflexes weaken, and stunning occurs. In the extreme stage, cardiac arrest, cessation of breathing, deep coma are possible. Such consequences occur when the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the blood is 3% or more. The lethal dose of alcohol is about 300 grams in terms of pure alcohol. If we consider the average lethal dose in terms of body weight, then it is 8 grams of ethanol per kg.

In everyday life, alcohol poisoning refers to any changes accompanied by a deterioration in well-being due to drinking alcohol. They can appear immediately after taking a large dose (vomiting, loss of consciousness) or visit you the next morning - a hangover. In general, these conditions are treated in the same way, but there are some nuances. In phase acute poisoning of great importance is the effect of ethanol on the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, and a hangover is largely provoked by the products of the partial decomposition of ethyl alcohol, in particular, acetaldehyde.

Alcohol poisoning

Separately, it must be said about poisoning with alcohol surrogates. According to statistics, this type of poisoning occupies a leading position in the list of all intoxications. At the same time, more than 90% of the victims die even before the moment of hospitalization.

Substitutes for alcohol are:

In case of poisoning with such products, intoxication is mild or does not occur at all, visual disturbances, convulsions, salivation, sweating, vomiting, pain in the abdomen and joints are often observed.

Intoxication with surrogates cannot be removed at home - it is imperative to immediately seek qualified medical help. Delay can cost lives. As first aid measures, they induce vomiting, take an enterosorbent and any enveloping agent. Further, hospitalization is required.

First aid for alcohol poisoning

What to do with alcohol poisoning at home? To do this, a number of measures are taken to rid the body of ethyl alcohol and neutralize the products of its decay.

First aid for alcohol poisoning includes the following steps.

Remove the remnants of alcoholic beverages from the stomach. To do this, they induce vomiting, then they wash the stomach - they drink 2-3 glasses of salted water, again provoke vomiting, and so on until almost pure water comes out of the stomach.
In case of loss of consciousness, it is impossible to provoke vomiting. Call an ambulance. In anticipation of her arrival, lay the victim on his side, loosen clothing, check the pulse and breathing. Turn your head, make sure that the tongue does not sink, and the vomit does not enter the respiratory tract. To bring the victim to his senses, let him smell ammonia rub your ears.

If alcohol poisoning does not pose a threat to life, then intoxication is removed independently at home.

Treatment of alcohol intoxication at home

Treatment of alcohol poisoning at home consists of the following actions:

Sometimes poisoning is accompanied by bouts of vomiting. If you vomited once or twice, this is a natural reaction of the body to poison and there will be no harm from it, but only benefit, given the current state. But if the urge to vomit does not go away after emptying the stomach, then you need to take action.

How to stop vomiting after alcohol poisoning?

Rinse your head cold water or briefly apply ice to the back of the head.
Drink some water or regenerating solutions like Regidron.
Do not eat or drink anything else until the stomach calms down.

If the measures taken do not give a result, then antiemetic drugs will help. Indomitable vomiting, the presence of bile in the vomit or blood impurities are grounds for immediate hospitalization.

Let's take a closer look at medicines, with the help of which alcohol poisoning is treated at home.

Enterosorbents

After emptying the stomach from the contents, you need to take enterosorbents. These drugs act in the intestines, capturing toxins and decay products on their surface, and removing them with feces. The following drugs have proven themselves well.

It must be remembered that all enterosorbents must be taken separately from drugs, otherwise the latter will lose their effectiveness. Between their receptions it is necessary to observe a gap of at least one hour, and preferably two hours.

Restoration of water balance

Vomiting dehydrates the body and leaches salts out of it. minerals. In addition, alcohol is a strong diuretic. In case of poisoning, you need to drink plenty of water, preferably mineral or acidified lemon juice. Drugs belonging to the group of rehydrating agents help to cope with the imbalance that has arisen. They contain a balanced set of sodium, potassium, chlorides, sometimes carbohydrates and help the body cope with intoxication.

"Regidron" with alcohol intoxication can be taken orally in the amount of 10-17 ml of the finished solution per kg of weight. One packet of the drug is dissolved in one liter of water and stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day.

The analogues of Regidron are the preparations Hydrovit and Citraglucosolan. Also, a similar solution can be prepared independently: take 1/2 tsp for one liter of water. salt, 1/2 tsp. soda, 4 tbsp. l. Sahara.

With severe alcohol intoxication, a dropper is needed. Its composition is something like this:

saline, or "Disol", or "Hemodez";
5 or 10% glucose solution;
5% solution of ascorbic acid.

If necessary, include vitamins (nicotinic acid, pyridoxine), magnesia, potassium chloride, panangin, heart remedies. The volume of the dropper is usually 400-500 ml. A medical worker should put it, as well as determine the composition of the solution for infusion - inept handling can be harmful to health.

Complete cleansing of the body from alcohol, possibly in the case of its excretion by the kidneys. For this, diuretics (diuretics) are used, the best and safest of which is considered ordinary water. You can also use recipes traditional medicine- drink decoctions of herbs. They not only restore vitamin losses, but also supply the body with the antioxidants it needs.

Restoration of intestinal microflora

Alcohol and its decay products kill beneficial intestinal microflora. After alcohol intoxication, activity is often disrupted gastrointestinal tract developing constipation or diarrhea. Beneficial bacteria need to be restored. You can do this by eating sour-milk and pickled products or taking probiotics:

Facilitates the course of a hangover emptying the intestines. If constipation is noted after drinking alcohol, then an enema can be given - this will remove toxic products from the large intestine.

What not to do with alcohol poisoning

In no case should you combine the intake of alcohol and the diuretic "Furosemide", as this negatively affects the state of the liver and kidneys.
Aspirin is also taken with caution. It can be drunk only in a state of hangover, but if intoxication has not yet passed, then this medicine can cause various complications.
Do not use any sleeping pills, as they exacerbate the depression of the central nervous system caused by alcohol.
The recommendation to go to the bathhouse and thereby get rid of a hangover is only suitable for people with Siberian health.

What to do with a hangover

How to treat a hangover the next morning after heavy drinking? The following measures are effective:

You should not experiment with drugs, it is better to resort to the help of special tablets for alcohol poisoning:

"Biotredin";
"Limonar";
"Metadoxil";
Alka-Seltzer.

Folk remedies for a hangover

If there are no tablets at hand, then you can use folk remedies used in alcohol poisoning. In addition to the hangover pickles already mentioned, the following remedies help:

A contrast shower helps with a hangover. Start with hot water, then switch to pleasantly cold, alternate 30-60 seconds several times, gradually increasing the temperature difference. Such a contrast will allow the skin to get rid of toxins and toxins, improve the functioning of the heart and blood vessels.

In conclusion, we note that it is much easier and more pleasant to prevent a hangover than to treat it. To do this, do not abuse the amount of alcohol, have a good snack on foods containing starch and pectins (potatoes, bananas), and before the feast, take preventive purposes one of the recommended enterosorbents.