Lingonberries grated with sugar recipe. Lingonberries for the winter without cooking with water


Calories: Not specified
Time for preparing: Not specified


If you suddenly get sick (God forbid, of course, but anything can happen), then do not rush to the pharmacy for medicines, but carefully look for healing agents in your cellar. Probably every housewife, and especially every mother, has sweets and delicious jam to help get rid of a cold. So the fruits of raspberries, viburnum, currants, blueberries and other gifts of nature have useful properties. And if you also have lingonberries with sugar for the winter, then you are not afraid of any diseases. After all, lingonberry fruits are a whole arsenal of vitamins, microelements and substances that have a beneficial effect on health. human body. Therefore, it will be very useful for you and your family to prepare lingonberries, moreover, it will not require excessive time and effort. By the way, such lingonberries can be used as one of the components of the sauce for
Lingonberries rubbed with sugar for the winter: a recipe.
Ingredients:
- cranberries - 1 kg;
- sugar - 1 kg.

Recipe with photo step by step:




So, to prepare lingonberries with sugar for the winter, we need the lingonberries themselves. It is desirable to select whole, ripe, hard berries that need to be cleaned of leaves.




If necessary, lingonberries can be washed and thrown into a colander to drain water from them.
Then we dry the berries, and put half of the portion of the berries into the combine.




Add sugar according to your own taste and preference. I put exactly the same amount of sugar per kilogram of berries.




Berries can also be crushed by passing them through a meat grinder, or using a blender. If there are no devices, then we simply knead the cranberries with a crush in an enameled container.
Together with sugar, we twist the lingonberries at medium speed.






After adding the second half of the berries, just mix with a spoon or spatula.




These berries will not be crushed, but be sure that the quality of the workpiece will not suffer from this. Whole berries give a twist fresh taste, not only sweet puree is felt, but also a certain sourness of berries.
Lingonberries with sugar without cooking are ready. It is recommended to close it in jars, just as jam is closed, but you can simply put it in sterilized jars, close it with nylon lids and leave it in the refrigerator.




You can cook lingonberries under sugar and whole. Then berries and sugar are placed in jars in layers. On a layer of lingonberries is 5 tablespoons of sugar.




In addition to the fact that lingonberries have medicinal properties with colds, sore throats, viral diseases And they are also very tasty. In winter, twist can be eaten as jam, because it has a very unusual taste: on the one hand it is sweet, and on the other it is sour. Bon appetit and good health!






We also advise you to prepare

To keep the benefit medicinal berry, you need to know how to properly prepare lingonberries for the winter without cooking. There are recipes, and I will introduce you to them. There are several ways to preserve lingonberries: you can freeze the berries, grind them with sugar and make soaked lingonberries. Cowberries are in bulk this year, so it's time to take a basket and go to the forest.

Lingonberries for the winter - recipes without cooking

The fact that it is necessary to prepare lingonberries for the winter is not even discussed. There are so many in the berry that you can provide yourself with full medical support. cold season. Especially if lingonberries were not subjected to heat treatment and were preserved without cooking. By the way, the berry has nice feature: it contains benzoic acid, which allows lingonberries to keep freshness for a long time without processing.

Frozen lingonberries - a recipe for the winter

Sort, wash and dry the cranberries. The berry must be absolutely dry - this is the main condition. The right way freezing - spread the lingonberries on a tray and send to the freezer in the quick freeze mode. Then take it out, put it in bags, and put it back in the freezer. But if you are in a hurry, just put the dry berry in bags and send it to the freezer. The berry, when deep frozen, will retain all the valuable beneficial features.

Lingonberries with sugar without cooking

The best option for harvesting lingonberries without cooking, the so-called cold one, is to grind the berries with sugar. It's so simple that it won't take long. I will introduce two recipes.

The simplest, lightest and quick recipe. The berries remain whole and can be used throughout the winter to decorate pies and other baked goods. And you can just eat! What is most valuable, lingonberries harvested for the winter in this way will retain their value, and eating it will save you from many diseases.

You will need:

  • Cowberry berries - 1 kg.
  • Sugar - 1 kg.

How to cook lingonberries with sugar:

  1. Sort the berries and wash thoroughly under running water. Throw the lingonberries in a colander, let the water drain and the berry becomes completely dry (this is important in this recipe), spread on a towel or newspaper.
  2. Sterilize jars. Then fill the jars as follows: put a few tablespoons of lingonberries, a few tablespoons of sugar on top. And thus, in layers, fill the jar to the top. The topmost layer is sugar, pay attention.
  3. To ensure that the lingonberries are well laid down and compacted during laying, periodically shake the jar.
  4. Close the container with a simple nylon lid and send it to storage. The berry will remain suitable for consumption throughout the year, until the next harvest, you will be provided with lingonberries. Store the workpiece in the refrigerator.

Lingonberries grated with sugar

A somewhat laborious option winter harvest lingonberries without cooking compared to the first recipe. But this is the most common option.

You will need:

  • Lingonberry - 1 kg.
  • Sugar - 1 or 2 kg. (why inaccurate amount, I will explain in the description of the recipe).

We prepare:

  1. Sort the berry, wash it well (preferably in running water), throw it in a colander, let the water drain. Excess moisture from the berries must be removed, so spread it on a newspaper, a towel and wait for the berry to dry properly.
  2. Place the lingonberries in a large bowl and sprinkle with sugar. There is a small nuance. How much sugar to put, you decide. There is a slight bitterness in the berry, not everyone likes it, so determine the amount of sugar based on taste. Usually, I put in more sugar and don't regret it. Don't be afraid, lingonberries will keep well with a little sugar (1 kg.).
  3. It is convenient to grind the berry with a blender - quickly and effortlessly. Well, if there is no blender, use a pusher, any other available device. Do not try to grind the berries too much, they will remain whole, do not grieve. Personally, in winter I like to find such berries in a jar.
  4. Stir the lingonberries grated with sugar and leave for a while so that it dissolves completely. By the way, it is better to use a wooden spoon, metal can destroy some vitamins. In lingonberries harvested for the winter without cooking in this way, useful vitamins. This rule applies to all berries.
  5. When the sugar is completely dissolved, place the lingonberries in pre-sterilized jars.
  6. You can store lingonberries under normal, nylon cover, choose a place cool and preferably dark.

Lingonberries soaked for the winter - recipe

In addition to lingonberries harvested with sugar, housewives use other recipes for preserving berries for the winter without cooking. For example, the well-known soaked cranberries. Perfect for anyone who has a basement and cellar in their arsenal.

The option is good because you don’t need to mess with banks, and you don’t need to carry out other troublesome manipulations.

From soaked cranberries cook jelly, fruit drinks, eat berries, use by adding sugar as a filling for baking pies. The syrup from the soaked berries can be drunk, it is quite pleasant in taste, sweet and sour, with a slight bitterness.

Recipe number 1. According to this recipe, they used to soak lingonberries in the villages.

You will need:

  • For a liter of water, take half a glass of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt.

How to cook soaked lingonberries:

  1. Sort the berries, and, after washing, put them in any suitable container. Suitable glass, wooden and enamelware.
  2. Make a filling: throw sugar and salt into boiled water. There is a desire - add cinnamon, allspice and cloves - additives are often used when urinating lingonberries. Cool the filling to room temperature.
  3. Pour the berries, put oppression on top and cover with gauze.
  4. A soaked berry can be stored after a couple of days by closing the lids. The berries contain a lot of bactericidal substances, so the berry does not get moldy.

Recipe number 2. With hot filling and spices.

Take:

  • Cowberry - 1 kg.
  • Water - 1 liter.
  • Sugar - 2 tbsp. spoons.
  • Salt - 2 teaspoons.
  • Cinnamon sticks, vanillin, allspice, carnation.

We prepare:

  1. Sort the berry, wash, dry a little. Put in a jar, another container.
  2. While doing lingonberries, make a urination fill. Boil water by adding the rest of the ingredients. Any of them can be excluded, if you wish. Cool the filling.
  3. Pour the lingonberries and leave for a couple of days, covered with gauze. Then close the jars with regular lids and send for storage.

The longer the berry is soaked, the tastier it becomes. The syrup is very beautiful, red, fragrant and tasty - you can drink it instead of fruit drink.

There is an option to save lingonberries without cooking - drying. But I dismissed it immediately - long, troublesome, tedious. I dragged myself back and forth with rose hips, you can talk about drying.

All recipes for harvesting lingonberries for the winter without cooking win over other options in that they allow you to keep the berry almost in fresh, with vitamins and other useful properties. What will make these blanks much more useful than canned ones. Be healthy, my dears, eat delicious preparations and come to me more often. With love and respect… Galina Nekrasova.

Lingonberry is a delicious and unique berry in its composition. It is a leader in the content of vitamins and is famous for its healing properties. Since ancient times, it has been called the "berry of immortality." Especially useful for our body is lingonberries without cooking, grated with sugar - this method of harvesting will keep the berries fresh for the whole winter, and they will not lose their benefits. About it delicious recipe and will be discussed in our article.

About the benefits of treats

fresh cranberries, ground with sugar, has a pleasant characteristic taste and is very healthy due to its chemical composition, which includes vitamins A, B, E, PP, C. The berry is distinguished by a high amount of carbohydrates, pectin, and organic acids. It contains minerals: potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium and manganese.


Such a rich composition allows it to provide the following positive impact on the body:

  • is the basis in the prevention of heart disease;
  • used for the prevention of beriberi;
  • normalizes blood pressure;
  • relieves swelling;
  • effectively affects the work of the central nervous system;
  • regulates protein metabolism;
  • renders positive action on the condition of the skin, tones and improves its elasticity, eliminates skin inflammation;
  • activates the immune system;
  • prevents premature aging;
  • strengthens hair and eliminates dandruff;
  • improves eyesight.

The fruits and leaves of this plant have diuretic, antimicrobial, antiseptic properties. They are used as an anti-sclerotic and choleretic agent. Berries have a tonic effect, have a powerful tonic and wound-healing property, their anthelmintic and antiscurvy effects are noted.
It is useful to use this product in small portions after childbirth - it prevents the occurrence of mastitis and the development of inflammatory processes. For men, cranberries are natural remedy for the treatment of prostatitis, and ground with sugar, it is known as a fast-acting antipyretic for high temperature, helps to improve the condition of colds.

Important! Lingonberries are contraindicated in peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum, gastritis with high acidity.

First you need to prepare the berries. This process consists of the following steps:

  1. Ripe berries must be carefully sorted out, selected rotten and damaged.
  2. Rinse the selected fruits with running water several times.
  3. Transfer to a colander to drain excess water.
  4. Lay the contents of the colander on a paper towel to dry.

Preparing jars and lids

Since lingonberries with sugar are cooked without cooking, for her long-term storage must be carefully prepared glass jars and covers. To do this, the jars need to be washed well. baking soda, rinse under running water and sterilize either in the oven or over boiling water. Tin and aluminum lids intended for canning are sterilized in boiling water for 10 minutes. Plastic lids are poured with boiling water. The main advantage of sterilization is that at a temperature of 100 degrees, the pathogenic microflora is completely destroyed.

Important! To make cold jam, do not use aluminum utensils - this metal, in contact with natural acid, releases toxins. Enamelware or stainless steel containers are perfect.

Kitchenware

To prepare treats, you may need:

  • meat grinder;
  • combine with a nozzle;
  • immersion blender.

Composition of ingredients

Ingredients:

  • lingonberries - 2 kg;
  • sugar - 2 kg.

Cooking method


What can be added for even more benefit

These fruits can be combined with, and,. Some housewives add honey. The delicacy turns out not only useful, but also original in taste.

Something not only tasty, but also extremely healthy, lingonberries mashed with sugar is exactly what you need. A slightly sour supply is not only perfect for cooking fruit drinks or jelly in winter, but will also excellent tool to maintain immunity - berries contain a lot of vitamin C and trace elements necessary for the body. How to cook a delicious preparation, read our article.

Lingonberries mashed with sugar

Per 1 kg fresh berries you need 1 kilogram granulated sugar. Wash the lingonberries, clean them of debris and leaves, and then dip them in boiling water for a couple of minutes. Drain the contents of the pot into a colander or scoop out with a slotted spoon. Now soft enough berries can be pureed through a sieve, twisted in a meat grinder or chopped in a blender - as you like. Add sugar to the berry mass, mix well until the sand is completely dissolved and immediately place in jars. After they need to be sterilized, cooled, rolled up with lids and sent to a dark place to wait for the winter cold.

Fragrant supply: cranberries mashed with sugar and spices

You will need:

  • 1 kilogram of fresh ripe lingonberries;
  • a little less than a liter of plain water;
  • 200 g of sugar;
  • half a teaspoon of cinnamon.

Wash and sort the lingonberries, place in boiling water and cook until all the berries burst. Throw the mass into a colander and let the water drain. Then add sugar, cinnamon, mix and bring to a boil over medium heat. Cool and arrange in jars.

Lingonberries mashed with sugar and orange

For fragrant jam you will need:

  • per kilogram of oranges and lingonberries;
  • kilogram of granulated sugar.

Wash and sort the berries, cut the oranges into slices, remove the seeds - no need to remove the peel. After that, put the ingredients in a blender and beat thoroughly, you can also turn the berries with oranges through a meat grinder. Then add sugar to the resulting mass and mix thoroughly. Pureed lingonberries with orange are ready - put them in jars, close with lids and store until winter.

Useful properties of cranberries

AT traditional medicine this berry has been used since ancient times, it is credited with tonic, antipyretic, wound healing and other properties. It helps with salt deposits, stomach problems, and reduces internal bleeding. It is also used for rheumatism, diabetes, tuberculosis and a number of other diseases. The fresh berries themselves (note that the preparation of lingonberries according to the above recipes does not require excessive heat treatment of the berries, so they retain all the beneficial properties) contain a lot of vitamin A, C, E, acetic, malic acid, and also essential oils and minerals. Therefore, in winter, it is simply recommended to drink as a preventive measure. lingonberry juice or juice - for this, dilute a tablespoon of any supply in a glass of water, add a little honey and drink with pleasure. But it will be delicious if you eat lingonberry preparation and just a snack with tea.

Lingonberries mashed with sugar - versatile, fast and delicious preparation cranberries. The berry harvested in this way can be used as jam, added to water, making it a wonderful refreshing drink, served with tea, and simply eaten with spoons. Highly delicious pancakes with this addition. Undoubtedly, such lingonberries need to be made and preferably more.

Ingredients

Cooking steps

Sort out lingonberries, wash.

Put the washed lingonberries in a colander to drain excess liquid.

Put the washed and slightly dried lingonberries on a clean, dry towel so that the berry becomes completely dry.

Pour dry, clean berries into a basin.

Using an immersion blender, rub the lingonberries with sugar.

Some of the berries can be left whole, the quality of the workpiece will not suffer.

Received berry puree stir well with a wooden spoon to dissolve the sugar more.

Then spread the contents of the pelvis into jars. Close the lingonberries mashed with sugar with ordinary lids and put in a cool place.

Lingonberries mashed with sugar - recipe with photo


Lingonberries mashed with sugar is a versatile, quick and tasty preparation of lingonberries. The berry harvested in this way can be used as jam, added to water, making it a wonderful refreshing drink, served with tea, and simply eaten with spoons. Very tasty pancakes with such an additive. …

Lingonberries mashed with sugar for the winter

Lingonberries are among the leaders in the content of vitamins, so it is often used not only in culinary purposes but also in medical applications. A berry that has not undergone heat treatment is especially useful. Lingonberries mashed with sugar are made for the winter for two reasons: firstly, it is very tasty, since sugar neutralizes the bitter taste of this berry, and secondly, it is useful, because everything is preserved in this delicacy. valuable properties cranberries. It will be easy to store it if you follow the preparation technology and storage rules.

Cooking features

The composition of lingonberries contains a natural preservative - benzoic acid, due to which it is stored for a long time, even if it is not exposed to heat treatment Do not add salt, sugar, vinegar or other preservatives to it. However, it can also deteriorate if some rules are not followed.

  • Before preparing lingonberries mashed with sugar for the winter, it must be sorted out well, removing every single spoiled berry. If they get into cold jam, they will spoil it.
  • The berries are washed by dipping them in a colander repeatedly into the water and letting it drain. This allows you to keep the shape of the berries, not to damage them when washing.
  • It is important to carefully dry the berries before grinding them. This increases the safety of the finished jam.
  • Banks must be used only sterilized. It is up to you to decide which lids to close them, metal or nylon, the main thing is not to forget to boil them.
  • You can store lingonberries mashed with sugar only at a low temperature, that is, in a refrigerator or cellar. If necessary, keep it at a higher temperature, for example, in an unheated pantry, the jam must be heated to 95 degrees, but not boiled, and only then laid out in jars. In this case, the jars must be closed tightly metal lids. The lingonberries that have undergone such processing in the refrigerator can be stored for two years, just in a cool room (up to 16 degrees) - up to two months.

Recipes may have different amounts of sugar. In fact, if the dessert does not include other berries or fruits (the exception is irga), the amount of sugar will not affect its safety. In this case, you need to navigate only to your taste: the less sugar, the more noticeable the bitterness characteristic of lingonberries will be. In this regard, usually less than 1 kg of sugar per 1 kg of berries is not used, but it also makes no sense to add more than 2 kg of granulated sugar per 1 kg of lingonberries.

Classic recipe for lingonberries mashed with sugar

  • Sort through the berries, simultaneously clearing them of forest debris and adhering leaves.
  • Rinse the lingonberries and dry them on a cloth or kitchen towel.
  • Grind lingonberries in the way that seems most convenient to you: using a blender, meat grinder or manually, pushing the berries through a metal sieve with a wooden spoon. The easiest way is to crush the berries with a wooden masher, which is usually used to make mashed potatoes.
  • Sprinkle the mashed lingonberries with sugar.
  • Cover the container with lingonberries with a thin cloth so that insects do not get into it, and leave it overnight.
  • Sterilize small jars in the morning.
  • Stir the lingonberries and arrange them in prepared containers, seal and store in the cold for winter storage.

This option for preparing lingonberries mashed with sugar is the most common, but there is another way, even simpler.

A simple recipe for mashed lingonberries for the winter

  • Sterilize jars and lids.
  • Rinse the lingonberries, having cleaned it of debris beforehand and throwing away all spoiled berries.
  • Place the lingonberries on a towel to drain the water and wait until the berries are completely dry.
  • Scroll lingonberries through a meat grinder or chop in any other way.
  • Pour a couple of tablespoons of sugar into the bottom of each jar, then lingonberries. The berry layer should not exceed 2 cm.
  • Sprinkle the berry with sugar and lay out its second layer. Continue filling the jar, alternating between layers of berries and granulated sugar. The last layer should be sugar.
  • Close the jars and put away for the winter in a cold place.

This technology allows you to prepare lingonberries quickly, but it has a drawback: cold jam prepared according to this recipe can be sugared.

Lingonberries mashed with sugar and orange

  • Prepare the cranberries by sorting, washing and drying them.
  • Wash the oranges, cut them into pieces and remove the seeds.
  • Run lingonberries and oranges through a meat grinder (without peeling). At the same time, it is better to alternate the berry and orange: a handful of berries - a few orange slices.
  • Pour the fruit and berry mass with sugar and leave for two to three hours, not forgetting to cover the container with jam with gauze.
  • Spread out healthy treat on sterilized jars. Close them and put them in the refrigerator.

This dessert is especially useful for prevention. colds. In addition, he has unique taste- even children will not refuse it.

Lingonberries mashed with sugar can be used to make fruit drinks and desserts. You can also eat it spread on a sandwich, or just spoons with tea.

Lingonberries mashed with sugar for the winter without cooking: 3 recipes


Cowberry mashed with sugar for the winter Cowberry is one of the leaders in the content of vitamins, so it is often used not only for culinary purposes, but also for medicinal purposes. The berry is especially useful,

Lingonberries grated with sugar without cooking - how to cook lingonberries with sugar for the winter.

In our family, lingonberries have always been loved and held in high esteem. This small red berry, in addition to having a lot of vitamins, organic acids, trace elements, is considered one of the main natural healers of kidney diseases. I make her every year healing blanks. And children like lingonberries grated with sugar without cooking, simply because they are very tasty.

Today I will share an easy and quick photo- the recipe for this lingonberry blank.

For this recipe we need:

sugar - from 0.5 l to 2 l;

How to cook lingonberries with sugar without cooking.

We separate the berries from twigs, needles, leaves.

We will wash in in large numbers water, let the water drain. We dry on napkins or a cloth that absorbs water well.

Scroll through a meat grinder with a fine strainer.

and stir until we see that the sugar is completely dissolved.

Usually, I take as much sugar as there is lingonberry puree. But its quantity can be changed. As you like: more sweet, or more sour.

While we are trying to dissolve the sugar, I am preparing jars and lids.

Then, put the sweet mass in jars, close with tight sterile lids.

We place the lingonberry blanks for saving in the refrigerator. If there is not enough space there, then just sterilize the jars for 7 minutes and roll them up. So they can save, even when room temperature. Another way to save the workpiece is to freeze lingonberries grated with sugar in small plastic boxes. In this case, the kids eat it like berry ice cream.

I add lingonberries prepared according to this recipe to fruit drinks, to tea, serve to pancakes and pancakes.

Lingonberries grated with sugar without cooking - how to cook lingonberries with sugar for the winter


Every year I make healing preparations from lingonberries. Babies like lingonberries grated with sugar without cooking, simply because they are very tasty. In our family, she has always been loved and held in high esteem. This little red berry

How to make cranberries with sugar for the winter

Lingonberry is a delicious and unique berry in its composition. It is the leader in the content of vitamins and is famous for its healing properties. Since ancient times, it has been called the "berry of immortality." Especially useful for our body is lingonberries without cooking, grated with sugar - this method of harvesting will keep the berries fresh for the whole winter, and they will not lose their benefits. This delicious recipe will be discussed in our article.

About the benefits of treats

Fresh cranberries grated with sugar have a pleasant characteristic taste and are very healthy due to their chemical composition, which includes vitamins A, B, E, PP, C. The berry is distinguished by a high amount of carbohydrates, pectin, and organic acids. It contains minerals: potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium and manganese.

Such a rich composition allows it to have the following positive effects on the body:

  • is the basis in the prevention of heart disease;
  • used for the prevention of beriberi;
  • normalizes blood pressure;
  • relieves swelling;
  • effectively affects the work of the central nervous system;
  • regulates protein metabolism;
  • has a positive effect on the condition of the skin, tones and improves its elasticity, eliminates skin inflammation;
  • activates the immune system;
  • prevents premature aging;
  • strengthens hair and eliminates dandruff;
  • improves eyesight.

The fruits and leaves of this plant have diuretic, antimicrobial, antiseptic properties. They are used as an anti-sclerotic and choleretic agent. Berries have a tonic effect, have a powerful tonic and wound-healing property, their anthelmintic and antiscurvy effects are noted.
It is useful to use this product in small portions after childbirth - it prevents the occurrence of mastitis and the development of inflammatory processes. For men, lingonberries are a natural remedy for treating prostatitis, and ground with sugar, they are known as a fast-acting fever reducer at high temperatures, helping to improve the condition of colds.

Cowberry preparation

First you need to prepare the berries. This process consists of the following steps:

  1. Ripe berries must be carefully sorted out, selected rotten and damaged.
  2. Rinse the selected fruits with running water several times.
  3. Transfer to a colander to drain excess water.
  4. Lay the contents of the colander on a paper towel to dry.

Preparing jars and lids

Since lingonberries with sugar are prepared without boiling, glass jars and lids must be carefully prepared for its long-term storage. To do this, the jars must be washed well with baking soda, rinsed under running water and sterilized either in the oven or over boiling water. Tin and aluminum lids intended for canning are sterilized in boiling water for 10 minutes. Plastic lids are poured with boiling water. The main advantage of sterilization is that at a temperature of 100 degrees, the pathogenic microflora is completely destroyed.

Kitchenware

To prepare treats, you may need:

  • meat grinder;
  • combine with a nozzle;
  • immersion blender.

Composition of ingredients

Cooking method


What can be added for even more benefit

These fruits can be combined with apples, cranberries, strawberries, lemon and orange, strawberries, blueberries. Some housewives add honey. The delicacy turns out not only useful, but also original in taste.

How to store cranberries mashed with sugar

Jars with ready-made treats, closed with plastic lids, should be stored only in the refrigerator. If there is not enough space there, then it is better to roll up sterilized jars of berries tin lids and store in cool place. The shelf life of the product is 1 year.

Such preparations are not only tasty, but also healthy. This product not only in winter great addition for evening tea drinking, but also saturates your body with vitamins.

Lingonberries grated with sugar for the winter without cooking: benefits, step by step recipe with photo


Lingonberries grated with sugar: the benefits and features of harvesting for the winter. Ingredients, step by step recipe and storage conditions.
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