Mushroom on walnut stumps. Growing mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, porcini mushrooms in the garden

Growing mushrooms
Honey agaric can be grown in the forest on a stump from aspen, alder, birch, pine, spruce. It is allowed to use for cultivation not the whole stump, but a piece of wood from these tree species. Growing summer mushrooms in a forest area will not harm trees growing nearby. For successful cultivation of honey agaric on a stump, you must:
a piece of wood from a dilapidated stump from the forest, infected with mycelium of the fungus, lay in holes previously drilled in the stump or attach to the end surface with nails or screws. So that pieces of wood with mycelium do not dry out, they must be covered with fresh moss or spruce branches from spruce.

Infection with mycelium in this way can be carried out at any time of the growing season, except for the time during which it is worth hot weather.
The most favorable time for infection of stumps with mycelium of the fungus occurs in autumn and spring.
The appearance of the fruiting bodies of honey agaric occurs a year or two after infection with mycelium. Honey agaric on an infected stump can bear fruit for five years, on large stumps such a period can last up to 8 years.
You can grow honey agaric on a chock.
Summer honey mushroom grows excellently on woody round chocks with a diameter of about 15 centimeters and a length of about 35 centimeters. It is recommended to prepare such chocks in advance in autumn or spring from freshly cut tree trunks.
The procedure for infecting chocks with the mycelium of summer mushrooms is identical to the infection of the stump described above.
When recesses are drilled in the chock from the end or on the sides, a piece of wood with the mycelium of the fungus is attached.
The chocks infected with the fungus should be placed for 4 months in a dark room, where the temperature is about 17 ° C, allowing the growth of mycelium over the entire surface of the chock, you can dig the chock into the ground in a vertical position to a depth of about twenty centimeters and a distance of about half a meter between. Holes with mycelium must be covered with fresh moss or shingles or bark.
The soil under the chocks must be constantly moistened and, in order not to dry out, sprinkle with sawdust mulch.
A plot with dug chocks in a personal plot or garden, with mycelium of summer honey agaric, can bear fruit twice a year for about four years.
Can also be grown summer honey agaric on wood waste, sawdust and shavings in greenhouses. Summer mushroom grows well in flower pots and glass jars on a special nutrient mixture of shavings and sawdust.
To prepare a nutrient mixture, you need:
Sawdust and shavings, taken in equal quantities, mix, scald with boiling water and add 8 g of starch, corn and oat flour 25 g, bean flour 15 grams per 1 kg of the mixture.
A mixture of sawdust with additives in glass jars must be pasteurized for 60 minutes in a tank of boiling water.
After the substrate has cooled to 30 degrees, it must be infected with the mycelium of the fungus by mixing parts of the wood with the mycelium of the honey agaric.
When growing mushrooms in plastic bags and wooden boxes, it is recommended to diversify the composition of the substrate for growing mushrooms by adding malt, potato pulp, beer malt, bard, etc.
In exactly the same way, you can grow mushrooms at home on balconies and verandas. In addition to summer honey agaric. It is possible to grow deer mushroom under such conditions, autumn honey agaric, black-edge scourge and other mushrooms growing on wood.

Oyster mushroom cultivation
Oyster mushrooms horn-shaped and oyster mushrooms grow well on a site located in the forest, these mushrooms can be grown on the wood of felled trunks of poplar, willow, maple, elm, elm. Oyster mushrooms are horn-shaped, successfully and fertilely growing on elm and elm. Since these mushrooms do not grow on living wood, you should not be afraid of infection with the mycelium of living trees.
For growing oyster mushrooms, the same methods are used as described above when growing mushrooms, namely with the help of parts of wood on which mushrooms grew in abundance in the forest, on stumps and old trunks.
Oyster mushrooms can be grown on chocks with a diameter of 16 cm and a length of 32 - 36 centimeters.
For growing oyster mushrooms, infection of chocks with mycelium by this fungus is recommended at the end of March, April. Chocks must be cut from freshly cut down trees, in which juices are still present.
It is recommended to infect chocks with oyster mushroom mycelium on the day of cutting down trees. To infect a chock, you need to use oyster mushroom mycelia grown on grain or manure and which can be bought at a flower shop or in a specialized center.
At first, infected chocks must be kept upright in a cool basement so that they do not touch each other. Each chock is infected in the upper part and the next chock is placed on it. It is allowed in this way to set up poles up to two and a half meters high. Such a column of chocks must be covered with a layer of boards. On which it is necessary to lay out a layer of straw, and on it, in turn, a layer of soil about 20 centimeters thick.
The room for storing chocks should be with an air humidity of 90%. But it is forbidden to get water on the chocks.
After 60 - 90 days, when the oyster mushroom mycelium develops well, the chocks must be dug into the ground a few centimeters with their lower part in a place without direct sunlight. Sawdust should be poured along the diameter of the buried chocks, this will protect it from drying out.
After 7 - 21 days, the first fruiting bodies suitable for collection should appear. You can grow oyster mushrooms on the same chocks up to 4.5 years or five.

Cultivation of white mushrooms
You can grow porcini mushrooms using a pit measuring about two meters in diameter and 30 centimeters deep.
The pit must be filled with a mixture 30 days before the laying of mycelium, from fallen oak leaves, destroyed oak wood 5% by weight of the leaves, horse manure 5% by weight of the leaves. Lay each layer of the ingredient of the special mixture in a layer of about 19 centimeters, each layer must be sprinkled with dry wood and horse manure, then poured with a one percent solution of ammonium nitrate. After a week, the mixture will warm up to 40 ° C, then it must be stirred until a homogeneous consistency is obtained.
The mixture, fertile for mushrooms, is laid in layers of 10 cm, between the layers pouring soil from the garden with a layer of 7 centimeters. The pit must be filled to 50 cm.
Fill the bed for growing porcini mushrooms with the prepared mixture in the center a little higher to drain the water.
Planting mycelium white fungus carried out in the landing holes with a distance of 30 centimeters from each other in a checkerboard pattern.
Mushroom pickers can be taken in the forest. In the place of intensive growth of fruiting bodies of this type of fungus. These are, as a rule, areas in the forest with oaks. To collect the mycelium, you need to dig a place about 30 centimeters in size and 13 cm thick, located around the white mushroom found. Such areas of soil must be divided into 6-9 parts and planted to a depth of 6-8 cm.
The beds with mycelium plantings should be moistened and covered with fallen leaves to protect the site from drying out. It will be possible to collect fruiting bodies of porcini mushrooms next season.

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home - Tips - Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps Many gardeners, when they hear that oyster mushrooms can be grown on stumps, will smile critically. But in vain. There is already experience of such cultivation, try it yourself.

Imagine that you will go for mushrooms not to the forest, but to your plot, garden or courtyard. This thought alone can push you to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps at home! Find a shady place, logs will not be difficult to find either.

Now it is not difficult to buy oyster mushroom mycelium in the store. Pay attention to oyster mushroom mycelium for sale different varieties: white, gray, brown, lemon and even pink. But it doesn't really change the taste.

It's just that lemon oyster mushroom looks more elegant than gray, and is also the most vitamin of all oyster mushrooms.

How do we start growing oyster mushrooms?

First of all, you need to choose a mycelium! When buying, you may be offered mycelium on sticks. But, as practice shows, such a mycelium will not give a crop immediately, it happens that after two years you will not get anything.

Therefore, to get the most fast harvest oyster mushrooms, buy the freshest mycelium (on wheat or oats). But here, too, trouble may lie in wait for you. If you notice on the mycelium a large number of gray-green mold, which means it indicates poor quality.

Your task is to find a good, fresh and high-quality oyster mushroom mycelium and choose a growing technology. First, choose a log: any breed is suitable, except for poplar and oak. The first is allergenic, the second contains a large amount of tannins, this affects the taste of oyster mushrooms.

Methods for sowing mycelium

First, soak the log in a barrel or basin for a day. Then you can start sowing mycelium. You can drill a hole in the bottom half of the stump and insert mycelium into the holes.

Then plug each hole with a wet one. If this method seems laborious to you, there is a second method. Sprinkle the mycelium on the center of the newspaper sheet and press down the hemp with the freshly cut edge, and lift the free ends of the newspaper.

So the mycelium does not get enough sleep when planting, and dirt does not get into it. Dig a hole 15-20 cm deep and place a log there so that the edge with the newspaper is at the bottom. Fill the hole with soil.

It turns out that 20 cm of hemp remains in the ground, and 15 cm - on the surface. You don't need to bury all the logs! Pour the earth around it from a watering can.

When is the best time to plant oyster mushrooms?

It is easier to plant and care for mushrooms in autumn: you need to water less, and the harvest appears earlier (one year after sowing). When spring sowing mushrooms, you have to wait up to a year and a half, and you need to water the plantings more often.

Especially in the first six months it is very important proper care, which, basically, consists in watering. This, of course, does not mean that it is impossible to sow logs with mycelium in the spring. It's just that most often these are not buried in the ground, but put in the cellar.

They are covered with wet burlap, they are slowly overgrown with mycelium. And in the fall they take them out and bury them in a permanent place. In the spring, logs can already please the first harvest of mushrooms.

Useful tips on how to grow and how to care for houseplants

Flowering plants Among the flowering indoor plants there are shrubs, semi-shrubs, herbaceous, bulbous. Deciduous ornamental plants. Among this group there are shrubs, semi-shrubs, herbaceous ... Plants of a non-solar window.

Non-solar windows are considered to be located on the north side, those into which the sun rarely looks, or remote corners in the room ... Ampelous. The main feature of ampelous plants is shoots hanging down.

You need to know the conditions - lighting, temperature, humidity and these plants will perfectly decorate your room ... Succulents. This group includes not only cacti, but also aloe, agave, gasteria, euphorbia and other plants with succulent, water-rich stems and leaves ... Forcing ground flowering perennials in the room.

Lilies of the valley, tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, crocuses, lilacs and some perennials can also be grown in well-lit, sunny rooms in winter ... Indoor fruit trees. To grow fruit plants (citrus, medlar, psidum, feijoa, pomegranate) in a room, you need to know their biological characteristics ...

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How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps

In the last article about oyster mushrooms, we wrote about how to grow it in an intensive way. That is, indoors in plastic bags on a straw substrate. But not everyone has the opportunity to grow oyster mushrooms in this way. something - a suitable substrate, as, for example, one of our readers. Do not be upset, you can resort to an extensive method of growing oyster mushrooms - growing on stumps in the open. Material and labor costs with this method are minimal, so for beginner mushroom growers this is ideal option. But the harvest will be seasonal, because. it will depend entirely on the climatic conditions in your area.

Preparing stumps or logs

Cultivation of oyster mushrooms begins in late winter - early spring. If there are stumps from felled trees left on your site, you can use them, but they should be sown with mycelium only in April-May, when the temperature is above zero. If not, you can take hardwood trimmings: beech, chestnut, ash, maple, poplar, birch, aspen, etc.

The sizes of trimmings can be different - from 30 to 50 cm long and from 15 to 30 cm in diameter. The main thing is that the wood is healthy and there are no signs of mold infection. Before introducing mycelium, dry logs should be soaked in water for 2- 3 days to create a high level of humidity inside, so necessary for the development of the mycelium.

Fresh wood can not be soaked. There are several ways to introduce mycelium: In the hemp, in a checkerboard pattern, they saw or drill holes 5-6 cm deep and about 10 mm in diameter. Grain mycelium is poured into the resulting holes and covered with adhesive tape or moss.

Mycelium in the form of sticks is simply inserted into the drilled holes and covered with plasticine. A disk of small thickness (2-3 cm) is sawn off from the log, the end is covered with a layer of mycelium and covered with this disk on top, fixing it with nails. The end of the log is covered with a layer of mycelium 1-2 cm thick or 100-150 g. A second one is installed on top, the end of which is also sprinkled with mycelium. Then the third, and so on.

Such a column can be grown up to 1.5 m and even 2 m. In order for the column to be more stable, the diameter of the trimmings must be at least 20 cm. C. If the mycelium was introduced in the first two ways, then the logs can be stacked horizontally on top of each other and covered with perforated film or matting, burlap. The third method involves the vertical arrangement of the logs.

Such columns are installed in several rows with small gaps, which are covered with wet sawdust or straw. From above, the columns are covered with the same sawdust, and on the sides they are covered with a film or burlap to maintain high humidity. Logs should be kept indoors for 2-3 months. At this time, it must be regularly ventilated, but without drafts, and the air must be constantly moistened.

Planting stumps in the ground

When you see that the stumps are covered with a white coating, it's time to plant them in the ground. This is usually done in May. For fruiting, the most shaded place on the site is chosen, for example, under the crowns of trees or under a canopy. The logs are buried in the ground in rows to a depth of 10-15 cm, and the bottom of the pits is covered with wet foliage or sawdust.

The distance between the stumps should be 35-50 cm. Further care consists in carefully watering the soil around the stumps in dry weather. Oyster mushrooms appear on stumps in August-September, and during a long autumn, the crop can be harvested until November itself.

For the winter, stumps are well covered with spruce branches, straw or foliage. Now you know how to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps. Such a mushroom plantation can feed you for 3-5 years, but the largest harvests occur in the second and third years. Cultivation of oyster mushrooms on stumps is an extensive method of growing mushrooms.

Practiced for harvest open field and in basements. Whole wood mycelium of mushrooms settles a little more slowly than substrates with fine particle size, but the fruiting of such plantations lasts about 5-7 years! Their arrangement is not associated with large expenditures of time and effort, and, in fact, this simplest way growing oyster mushrooms!

How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps

It is important to know that only hardwood is suitable for growing oyster mushrooms on stumps, and it is better to choose its hard varieties (pear, beech, oak, maple, ash). On conifers, the mycelium will not be able to take root: they are saturated with caustic resins, which are detrimental to fungal cells. When growing oyster mushrooms on stumps (blocks, pieces of solid wood), they are pre-soaked in water for 3-5 days.

During this time, the wood becomes wet, which means it is more susceptible to mycelium infection. You can sow the mycelium different ways- in a trench, on sections of stumps or inside them. Let's take a closer look at each of the options.

The technology of growing oyster mushrooms on stumps in a trench

To equip a plantation for growing oyster mushrooms on stumps, they dig a trench 15 centimeters deep in the ground, at the bottom of which boiled grains of wheat or barley (barley) are poured. This is the so-called nutritional "pillow" for oyster mushrooms.

Sterile grain mycelium, previously mashed with hands, is laid out on it, at the rate of 300-400 grams for each stump. Wet stumps with light pressure are placed in a trench, directly on the mycelium layer, and lightly covered with garden soil. If you did everything right, then the stumps should look like they are “growing” from the ground.

How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps with sowing mycelium on stump sections

This method of sowing involves infection of the ends of the stumps with grain mycelium. Planting material is applied by hand or with a spatula like a spatula on sections of stumps, with a layer of 1.5-2 cm. The stumps are stacked on top of each other to form a “wall” (stack).

It is tied with wire for reinforcement. During the germination of the mycelium in the wood, the stack is covered with polyethylene.

How to breed oyster mushrooms on stumps by introducing mycelium deep into an array of wood

Deep cylindrical holes can be made in stumps with a drill. They lay grain mycelium. From above, all sowing points are plugged with corks made of wood or wet sawdust.

The stumps are wrapped with plastic wrap with slots for the breathing of the mycelium.

How soon to harvest oyster mushrooms on stumps?

Wet wood nourishes the mycelium well. By consuming water, lignin and cellulose from wood, it begins to grow. With normal air humidity and sufficient precipitation, watering the plantation is not required.

But in dry weather, it does not hurt to spray the stumps with water from the sprayer: oyster mushroom loves moisture! After about a month and a half, when the mycelium colonizes the wood, your plantation will begin to bear fruit. Mushrooms can be harvested several times during the outdoor season.

Oyster mushrooms on stumps - a harvest for several years!

The technology of growing oyster mushrooms on stumps is successfully used all over the world, even on an industrial scale. By setting up your own such plantation, you can regularly harvest mushrooms from spring to late autumn! And, for example, oyster mushroom mycelium on stumps in the basement is able to bear fruit all year round.

Order a kit for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms with high-yielding grain mycelium from us!

Cultivating mushrooms is a pleasant and rewarding activity! You can start your own high-yielding plantations with our unique oyster mushroom growing kit!

It contains high-yielding grain mycelium of mushrooms, obtained using sterile technology, and all other components for home mushroom growing! Planting material is produced in a specialized laboratory and meets high sowing standards. Delivery in Russia - by mail, cash on delivery! Place an order by filling out the form, or call us on the free line 8 800 700 63 90!

Our managers will advise you on all your questions! The price of a kit for growing oyster mushrooms Included: 1. 6 liters grain mycelium oyster mushrooms. 2. 10 bags 350x800mm for the preparation of substrate blocks 3. 10pack. bioadditives. 4. Thermohygrometer TGO-1 for measuring air temperature and humidity. 5. Video on growing oyster mushrooms (DISC 3.5 GB) 6. Technology for growing mycelium of oyster mushrooms, shiitake, champignon at home - without an autoclave

Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps

Our site has already written about how to grow mushrooms at home. Then we talked about champignons in our backyard. As it turned out, the topic is extremely popular not only among gardeners, but also fans of "mushroom hunting".

Therefore, we will be happy to talk about growing oyster mushrooms on stumps. Naturally, logs, or stumps, should be in the open. That is why you will harvest not like in a greenhouse - all year round, but like in nature - in spring and autumn. It's good if you thought about preparing compost in advance, but you can completely do without it.

What kind of trees do we need? Oyster mushroom loves soft wood: poplar, aspen, linden, willow. Well, if they were cut down quite recently, if not, soak the log house for 2-3 days in water. Large logs do not need to be made, stumps 35-40 cm long will do.

But they must be at least 15 cm in diameter!

In terms of growing oyster mushrooms on stumps: if you sow mycelium in the spring, then it is quite possible to harvest this fall. A pleasant surprise: once sown pieces of wood bear fruit for up to seven years!

How to grow an oyster mushroom on a stump?

• We drill a hole in the log house, the diameter of which is 15 cm. If the wood is not very wet, soak it in water. Insert mycelium into these holes and seal with adhesive tape. Transfer the bars to a room where the temperature is +20 degrees.
• After some time, you will see a fluffy whitish coating on the surface of the log cabins - this is an air mycelium. The term is approximately 3 months. After that, transfer the stumps to a darkened place on the site. Do not water the stumps themselves! Moisten the ground around them. Do not harvest too early, otherwise the mushrooms will grow smaller and smaller. But it is not worth delaying the harvesting process. If the edges of the oyster mushroom cap are bent up, then the fungus has formed spores and is undesirable to eat. Usually the plant is harvested a week after the rudiment of the fruiting body is formed.

If you are good at growing mushrooms, you can turn it into a home business, like growing seedlings for sale.

GROWING Oyster mushrooms on stumps

can be carried out, for example, on clearings, or on garden plot. So, if you decide to get rid of the old trees in your garden by cutting them down, then the remaining stumps can be used to grow oyster mushrooms in an extensive way.

By the way, this is a good way to uproot stumps - oyster mushroom is a natural destroyer of dead wood and in two or three years oyster mushrooms will completely destroy stumps. If you do not have stumps available, they can be made artificially. Below is one way to do this.

Below we describe one of the methods by the extensive method. AT this case wood cuttings are used as stumps. Oyster mushroom can grow on the most different types wood.

In nature, it is found on elm, oak, alder, poplar, linden, mountain ash, white locust and many other tree species. The extensive method of growing oyster mushroom means that cultivation is associated with a quantitative increase, distribution, that is, without the use of technologies aimed at a qualitative change in growing conditions. The extensive method of growing oyster mushroom can be carried out indoors or outdoors. In the first case, any suitable area, such as a shaded area in a garden.

You can also equip a special canopy. The main requirement for a place for growing oyster mushrooms is that it should be well shaded at any time of the day. This method of growing oyster mushrooms is seasonal.

Indoors, using the extensive method, oyster mushrooms can be grown all year round.

GROWING Oyster mushrooms on stumps - inoculation

Oyster mushroom can grow on a variety of types of wood. In nature, it is found on elm, oak, alder, poplar, linden, mountain ash, white locust and many other tree species.

For growing oyster mushrooms, you can use low-grade wood of those species on which it occurs in nature. Oyster mushrooms can be grown on artificially made stumps. For this, bars or logs 30-40 cm long and about 25 cm in diameter are harvested.

and soaked in water for a week. At the same time, freshly cut wood can not be soaked. These bars or logs will act as stumps on which oyster mushrooms will grow. The next stage of growing oyster mushrooms is the introduction of mycelium.

Before making the mycelium, the moisture content of the wood should be at least 80-90%. Here are some ways to introduce mycelium.> Holes are drilled or filed in a log or bar1.

After that, the mycelium is introduced, and then these holes are sealed with adhesive tape. 3. A disk 1.5-2 cm thick is sawn off, mycelium is poured onto the end, and the disk is nailed.

4. Logs or bars are placed on top of each other and 100-150 g of mycelium are poured onto the end of each of them. The next stage is the period of overgrowth of logs with mycelium. This period lasts 2-2.5 months.

After the introduction of the mycelium, the logs are transferred to a room where it is possible to maintain a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Any barn, cellar, basement is suitable for this. To prevent drying out, logs are periodically watered with water.

For the same purpose, they are covered with a perforated polyethylene film. The method of covering depends on the method of introducing the mycelium. If the mycelium is introduced in the first three ways, then the logs can be covered in this way. If the mycelium is introduced in the last way, then they are placed in columns, wrapped with plastic wrap, and the top row is sprinkled with wet sawdust or straw.

Between the columns there are also wet sawdust or straw. After two or two and a half months, as soon as the logs are overgrown with mycelium, you can proceed to the final stage of growing oyster mushrooms. two-thirds in a shaded area or under a canopy. Care of the plantation during this period consists in periodic watering of the earth around the logs in dry weather.

On top of these stumps, you can put other stumps in a pyramid, as shown in this video. This will allow more rational use of the space allotted for growing oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms usually appear when the temperature is set at 8-14 ° C.

AT middle lane In Russia, this temperature is set in September-October. The plantation method is the cheapest way to grow oyster mushrooms. It is suitable both for amateur mushroom growing and for growing oyster mushrooms on an industrial scale.

There is nothing easier than growing your favorite mushrooms on wood at home. This does not require a lot of time, labor and money. There are 2 main ways to grow such mushrooms: on cuts and on stumps.

When growing oyster mushrooms, hardwood logs without signs of rot are used. The best are: aspen, maple, hornbeam, willow, poplar, birch, beech and oak.

You can also use wood fruit trees: pear, apple, walnut and others deciduous trees with soft wood (willow, hornbeam, poplar), mycelium develops faster than on trees with harder wood (oak, beech), but the yield is lower. -2°C. At this temperature, mycelium grown on compost is stored for about a year, and grain - 3-4 months. At elevated temperature(20-22°C) compost mycelium is stored for up to a month, and grain - 5-7 days.

Growing mushrooms on cuttings

With this cultivation, the mycelium is germinated in indoors, and fruiting occurs in an open area or in the same room. Freshly cut trees with natural moisture content and a diameter of at least 15 cm are best suited.

The log is cut into segments 25-30 cm long. Dried logs are soaked in water for 2-3 days. Infection with mycelium of fresh cuts is carried out at the end of winter or early spring.

In the lower part of the prepared cut, cuts are cut in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other or holes are drilled with a diameter of 1-2 cm and a depth of 4-5 cm. With clean hands, "mushroom sticks" are inserted and the holes are closed with pieces of bark, wet sawdust, moistened with cotton wool or paraffin.

Wrapped with wet sacking and placed in a dark and humid room for overgrowing with mycelium. At a temperature of 15-18 ° C and relative humidity of about 90%, the cut is overgrown with mycelium in 2-2.5 months. The sacking is removed after the appearance of a white fluffy coating in the places of infection with mycelium.

The cut is taken out of the room, dug into the ground for 1/3 - 1/2 of its length in a shaded place and watered. There is an easier way to sow the mycelium. Mycelium is poured onto a dense clean cardboard in the center and a freshly cut end of the cut is placed on top, in which small holes are made with a knife.

The free ends of the cardboard are lifted and tied with tight twine around the cut. The end of the cut with cardboard is planted in the ground and watered well.

Oyster mushrooms are usually grown in the garden under fruit trees, under a canopy, in the shade of a fence or a building, where the soil is constantly moist and the mushrooms are protected from sunlight. Such conditions prevent the cut from drying out and increase the yield.

In dry weather, the soil is watered. The cut is most carefully cared for in the first year, in the following years it is watered before fruiting begins. After 2-3 months after planting the cut in the soil, when the temperature drops at night, fruiting begins.

Harvesting begins 7-10 days after the appearance of the rudiments of fruiting bodies. The deadline for collection is when the cap of the mushroom reaches a diameter of 8-10 cm, and the legs are 4 cm in length.

Cuts hibernate in open soil, they are not recommended to be transferred anywhere. Cuts can not be taken out into the street, but left in the same room where they were overgrown with mycelium, with the same temperature and air humidity of 60-85%. In this case, you can harvest all year round.

When growing oyster mushrooms in a greenhouse, cuts are infected with mycelium in October-November and deepen them into the soil by 10-15 cm. The mycelium applied to the end of the cut is covered with a wooden disk 2-3 cm thick and with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the cut.

Overgrowing of cuts occurs over 1-1.5 months at an air temperature of 13-15 ° C, soil 20-22 ° C and relative humidity of 90-95%. After the growth of the mycelium, the air temperature is reduced to 0-2 ° C for 2 days to stimulate fruiting, and then again increase to 10-14 ° C. Fruiting in the greenhouse occurs 2-2.5 months after the introduction of mycelium.

Such cultivation allows you to extend the period of consumption of mushrooms or get them during the winter. Fruiting is undulating.

Growing mushrooms on stumps

Such cultivation is of considerable interest. With this method, introducing seed, germination of mycelium and fruiting is carried out directly on the plot.

It is advisable to use fresh hardwood stumps with a diameter of 25-70 cm from a recent felling of trees. There should be no other mushrooms on the stump. You can infect wood at any time of the year, but it is better in April-June.

The technology for introducing mycelium is similar to the one above, only it is no longer necessary to wrap the stump with burlap. Sow the lower part of the hemp near the ground.

High stumps begin to be sown with mycelium at a distance of 4–6 cm from the upper surface. This weather is typical for September-October.

Up to 100 rudiments of fruiting bodies can appear on one log or stump. Fruiting lasts 30-50 days depending on weather conditions.

In dry weather, hemp is watered at least 2 times a week. Mushrooms planted on wood grow for 6-8 years and bear fruit until the wood substrate is completely destroyed. The maximum yield is observed in the second year after inoculation. In addition to obtaining excellent mushrooms, you achieve the destruction of stumps in your area without uprooting. Try growing oyster mushrooms in your garden, because they are nutritious and healing properties all over the world, mushrooms grown in an extensive way on wood are most valued.

Growing mushrooms on straw

Oyster mushrooms are grown not only on wood, but also on straw bags. Straw is poured with boiling water, cooled to room temperature and tightly placed in a plastic bag, squeezing out excess moisture with your hands. From time to time, straw is sprinkled with fresh mycelium.

For a bucket of straw, 200g of mycelium on wheat or oats is enough. Holes are made in the bag with a diameter of 1-2 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm.

Oyster mushrooms will sprout through them. Leave the bag in dark room at a temperature of 22-25 ° C until the substrate is overgrown so much that it takes the form of a compact block overgrown with mycelium. Then it is transferred to cool place before the appearance of fruiting bodies. Then the bag is taken outside to a shaded place (in summer) or left to bear fruit in the basement, greenhouse (in winter). When sowing mycelium in April-May, fruiting begins in September-October.

Knots for memory

• The fastest harvest comes from fresh oyster mushroom mycelium on wheat or oats. The mycelium of the oyster mushroom feeds on wood, which is destroyed. Therefore, the larger the feeding area, the longer the fruiting of mushrooms. Oyster mushroom is excellent for growing on stumps, because. it is very productive, its mycelium is not afraid of frost and winters well in the open field. The mycelium of the medicinal delicacy of shiitake or champignons often freezes out in the open field, so these mushrooms are best grown in a greenhouse or other enclosed space. A high-quality mushroom is strong, fleshy, not damaged by pests and diseases. Mushrooms are suitable for a shady place, but not a solid shade.

Stumps can be removed (uprooted) manually, but this is a rather lengthy and tedious process that requires special devices, certain skills and decent material labor costs, based on the fact that a stump with a diameter of 40 cm, a team of 3 people can uproot a day or even more, depending on the type of tree and the location of its root system, plus recycling the stump into a container, plus backfilling of a pit (pit). And if a site with ditches, potholes, embankments, etc., and it is impossible to put a container for the removal of an uprooted stump close to the place of work, then the process will stretch even more in time.

Mushrooms come to the rescue! "Mushroom Factory" - mushrooms or oyster mushrooms in your garden! To do this, it is necessary to decompose the caps of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) or honey agaric (Pholiota mutabilis) on a fairly fresh stump, or infect stumps with a fungus using spores, a piece of wood containing mycelium.

Method 1. Growing on logs:

1 It is necessary to prepare logs with a diameter greater than 20-25 cm. The length may be different. It is recommended to take logs of birch, oak, aspen, maple, poplar, ash.

2 With an ax, you need to make punctures in several places and sprinkle them with earth. If the logs are dry, then you can hold them in water for an hour. Then we lay it on the site in any form, but not on the open area, where the sun is constant. It will be better if the logs are covered with the shadow of tall plants, tree branches.

3 Prepare mycelium. You can buy it or make it yourself. In the forest, they collect old, large hats of mushrooms and fill them with rain, river water in a jar. The container is shaken and left for several hours.

4 The logs are watered with the resulting solution and hats are laid on top. You can cover with sawdust, moss. The resulting mushroom bed is periodically moistened. You will harvest the first crop only after 1-2 years.

5 If you have stumps on the site, you can use them instead of logs. The technology is the same. Another way is to bring a rotten piece of stump from the forest and nail it to a log. With constant watering, the mycelium grows in a new place.

6 Honey mushrooms can also be grown in a greenhouse. To do this, half-rotted logs are watered with spores and placed in a corner of the greenhouse. Constant heat, humidity create an excellent atmosphere for the growth of mushrooms.

Growing mushrooms in a summer cottage, you will be constantly provided fresh mushrooms. After all, on such logs they will grow for eight years.

2. Growing on stumps.

Spores can be obtained from fresh mushrooms. To do this, mushroom caps are finely chopped, filled with water and shaken well. Next, the liquid solution is thoroughly stirred and then filtered. Filtered infusion (spore talker) is poured over the end surface of the stumps. To increase the total area of ​​​​infection, it is recommended to make recesses on the sides of the stump, where the spore infusion is also poured. These recesses measuring 2x2x4 cm are selected in wood in a checkerboard pattern using a chisel and a hammer. For one stump, 5-10 pieces are enough.

The remaining residue of the mushroom mass can also be used for sowing. They are usually filled with recesses. After sowing, the recesses are covered with wet sawdust, moss or spruce branches (to maintain constant humidity). The mycelium will develop and only after a few months it begins its intensive growth, and even better - the purchased mycelium of these mushrooms, cover with a plank or a thin cut of the same stump, pour over, cover with plastic wrap and tie.

As a result, you will collect excellent harvests of mushrooms for 2-3 years (more than 10 kg of mushrooms can be from one stump), and the stump will turn into dust during this period. At the same time, it should only be taken into account that the summer mushroom develops better on hardwood (poplar, birch, aspen), while on coniferous species, the engraftment of the mycelium is delayed. Sowing time for honey agaric is possible in the period May-August. Medium-sized stumps bear fruit for six years, and large ones for eight.

3. Growing mushrooms on wood waste

Honey agaric can be successfully bred on shavings, sawdust, wood chips of any species. The fungus develops much faster on the substrate of such wood waste than on stumps. Harvest can be obtained within 2 months after sowing and even earlier. And if the culture is indoors, then several crops can be removed in one year. Nutrient medium for mushrooms, they are usually prepared from a mixture of these materials in the ratio: 2 parts of sawdust and 1 part of chips and wood chips.

Before preparing the substrate, all its components must be dried in order to kill the vegetative forms of other competing microorganisms, and also to give the wood the necessary degree of moisture capacity, thereby ensuring abundant saturation with the nutrient solution. To prepare it, add 15 g of any jam to 1 liter of water ( cornmeal or starch), bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer slowly for about half an hour. When evaporation occurs, water must be added. The prepared substrate is poured with a boiling solution, after placing it in clean glass jars(3 or 5 liters). In 3 liter jar fits 0.5 kg of wood waste, in a 5-liter - 1 kg. Accordingly, it is necessary to fill in 1.5 and 3 liters of liquid. Banks are tightly closed with lids and left for 10 hours. Then they are opened, the neck is tied with a gauze filter and turned upside down to release excess water.

To infect the substrate, only the mycelium purchased from professionals, the so-called grains, is used. Sowing is done on a slightly warm substrate. To do this, half of the substrate is shaken out into another bowl, a handful of crushed grains are scattered on the surface of the substrate, and the wood mass is mixed by hand in order to seal the particles of the mycelium into it. Then the substrate is tightly rammed. Also come with the second half of the substrate. Thus, a jar is obtained, completely filled with an infected mass. On the three-liter jar 50 g of mycelium is required, for a 5 liter one - 100 g. The jars are closed with an ordinary polyethylene lid, making a window in it (1.5x2 cm) and plugging it with a piece of foam rubber so that it sits tightly, without cracks.

After 1.5-2 months, the culture of honey agaric bears fruit.

Tips:

The stumps should not be infected with polypore fungi, the wood should be sufficiently dense. The humidity of the stumps in this case plays an important role, since with a lack of moisture, the mycelium will not germinate. This indicator is determined by the form (by dark color) and to the touch. You can increase the humidity by watering the stumps one to two days before sowing.

For growing mushrooms on stumps, seed can be found in the forest. These will be fruiting bodies of honey agaric or parts of wood affected by mycelium. If you opted for fruiting bodies, then the sowing technique will be as follows. It is necessary to select overripe hats with a diameter of 8-12 centimeters. You will need 20-25 pieces for a bucket of water. We soak the hats in water (preferably rain or from a river) and leave for a day. After that, we knead the contents of the bucket with our hands until a mushy mass is formed, mix everything well and filter through cheesecloth. With such a filtered solution, the ends of the stumps are watered. For better penetration from different sides, recesses and cuts can be made, into which the mass remaining after filtration is placed, and then thoroughly watered with the resulting mash from the spores. On one stump with a diameter of 20 cm, it is necessary to pour from 0.5 to 1 liter of the solution. The recesses and ends of the stumps after the introduction of the mycelium are well covered with sawdust to maintain required humidity. With this method, spores germinate slowly, and honey agarics are harvested, as a rule, after 2 years.

You can get a crop faster (in a year) if you infect the stumps with pieces of wood with an already overgrown mycelium. They are found in the forest in places of abundant growth of honey mushrooms and are chipped off with a special tool - you can use a chisel or carefully work with an ax.

In the prepared stumps, recesses of the required size are made, where the infected wood is tightly hammered. From above, all this must be well covered with sawdust. Mushrooms bear fruit at the time when it occurs in nature, that is, in summer, autumn and, under suitable conditions, in winter. It all depends on the type. In severe frosts, in order to avoid freezing, the stumps are densely covered with coniferous branches. on plantations with summer honey agarics branches are harvested in early June, and with autumn and winter - at the end of July.

As you can see, there is nothing particularly complicated in the extensive technology of growing shiitake and honey agarics. With a desire and with some effort, you can provide your family with an environmentally friendly valuable product nutrition, which is especially relevant today. And you can earn some extra money, because the demand for mushrooms is constantly growing today.