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Every year hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians who have suffered severe illnesses or road accidents, thank God and doctors, remain on the list of the living. And every day they are fighting for their return to the previously familiar world. How to accelerate this struggle and win?

Doctors unanimously recommend: get used to hearing and appreciate your body. Now you are partners in difficult circumstances. Your body - renewed but exhausted - begins to learn to live from scratch. And you owe it to him.

The final and unconditional return to a full-fledged life is on the "five pillars", says the family doctor, neurologist of the highest category Inna Verbitskaya: sleep a lot, eat right, cleanse the body as much as possible, overestimate the previous loads and take your time.

The classic mistake of many convalescents: as soon as it becomes easier and pain, weakness is released, a person seeks to make up for lost time as soon as possible, to prove to himself and others that all troubles are behind, - says Inna Olegovna. - Returns to the previous, prehospital, routine of life, revives habits - including bad ones. Someone is eager to go to work, someone - to the dacha to their favorite beds, someone - to babysit their grandchildren. Such a rapid "return" is an unbearable stress for the body. Of course, he cannot cope with it (and he shouldn't - he has another task now). And please: relapses, complications, hospital again. Meanwhile, rehabilitation is not a quick process, sometimes taking not days, but weeks, or even months. And it begins already from that turning point, when the scales swung in your direction and the disease began to recede. Without exaggeration, you are experiencing a new birth. You cannot immediately "enter the old river" of your old life. It may not be possible to do this at all.

It is necessary for a recovering body according to the principle "the sooner the better." During the period of illness, all systems experienced a colossal load. But the gastrointestinal tract and natural "filters" - the liver and kidneys - stand apart, says Vladlena Tomenko, an immunologist at one of the capital's private clinics.

They kept the blows of antibacterial or chemotherapy, numerous toxins, - explains the specialist. - In an extreme situation, the body has mobilized all its protective resources. As a result, the disease was stopped, and the drugs did not seem to poison the organs and tissues too much. But all this is at the cost of compromised immunity, impaired intestinal microflora. Supportive and rehabilitative therapy is necessary to restore healthy vital functions of the body. Every effort should be made to eliminate toxins. You can not neglect the elementary advice of doctors, for example, drink a lot of fluids or take drugs that restore microflora. We must be prepared for the fact that the "cleaning" and, in parallel with it, the reconstruction of the immune system can be exhaustingly long: many effective, but not harmless drugs "settle" in the body for years.

Many people have to turn their diet and diet upside down. Hospital mashed soups and tasteless cereals are a thing of the past, but the "common table" is still very far away. The specialist advises to abandon the previous regime "breakfast - lunch - dinner". You should eat in small portions, while you will have to sit down at the table at least five to six times a day. So the body will quickly restore the lost supply of nutrients: vitamins, minerals, trace elements.

You cannot do without a diet that provides balanced nutrition, - says I. Verbitskaya. - It should only be prescribed by your doctor. For example, after pneumonia or other lung diseases, enhanced high-calorie nutrition is shown, you need to eat foods rich in saturated fatty acids and healthy carbohydrates, at the same time, this is unacceptable with hypertension. An excellent immunostimulating product - kefir - is great for restoring intestinal microflora, "works" well for asthenic syndrome. But it is strictly prohibited for those who suffer from gastrointestinal diseases. Rehabilitation diets often last one to two months, in some cases (after pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, cystitis, etc.) - up to six months. Someone will have to "sit" on a diet for almost life (with a certain course of hepatitis or, for example, chronic pancreatitis).

The once familiar course of everyday life remains in history. Earlier natural emotional and physical stress is contraindicated for convalescents.

The gym, swimming pool, shopping or spousal sex may become relevant again no earlier than one to two months after your doctor announced that you are completely healthy, - says the head of the therapeutic department of the Kiev district polyclinic Zoya Medunitsa. - Returning to the previous volume of loads should be very dosed. For example, getting to your feet after a myocardial infarction, you must first learn to walk on the street for 5-10 minutes. Only two to three minutes are added each day. In 1.5-2 months it is already half an hour. After six months or a year, you can already overcome 1.5 km without shortness of breath. Of course, to a person who easily walked to work several stops on foot, it seems wild. One must be able to get used to the new state of affairs - this is where the courage of the convalescent is manifested.

Overestimating your strengths, it is important not to go to the other extreme, experts warn: do not dwell on the consequences of the disease, being afraid to move away from the bed for an extra step. But do not forget - there is never too much rest during recovery. It is necessary to sleep and rest after an illness "indecent" a lot - 12-14 hours a day. This is the only way to defeat asthenic syndrome, which affects almost all convalescents.

IN THE LANGUAGE OF FIGURES Every year in Ukraine, 25-40 thousand people are fully or partially cured of cancer, 10-12 thousand from tuberculosis, and up to 150 thousand people from hepatitis of various types. 40-70 thousand Ukrainians get back on their feet after strokes, 35 thousand after heart attacks.

In the life of a modern person, there are often stressful situations that can lead to depression. Is it possible to cope with depression on your own? In this article, we will consider the nature of this mental phenomenon, ways to overcome and get out of a depressive state.

The hallmarks of depression are:

• decreased mood, sadness;
• feeling of hopelessness;
• loss of meaning in life;
• inner emptiness;
• decreased energy, severe fatigue.

The presence of these symptoms indicates the presence of a state of depression. This state of mind is considered a disease, psychologists call it "Cancer of the 21st century." Why is everything so serious? The fact is that many people experience this condition, and drugs for drug treatment are the leaders in production on the pharmaceutical market.

A distinction should be made between a bad mood, a temporary state of anxiety, sadness and a state of complete despair and hopelessness. This is a serious indicator, indicating the need to take measures to improve the condition, it is possible - referrals to specialists.

What could be the cause of this condition:

1. Tragic events in life are the loss of a loved one, a loved one.
2. Constant accumulation of stress - they say that a person is "crazy", people are not iron.
3. Genetic predisposition.

There are two types of depression:

• small (light) - it grows gradually, can appear on an ongoing basis, undermines from the inside, like rust. It manifests itself as strong sadness for minor reasons, suffering, experiences;
• large (heavy) - brings the destruction of life, foundations, a person feels meaninglessness, hopelessness, the world is crumbling. Getting through severe depression is very difficult. Severe depression can be a consequence of a minor one, if negative emotions last for a long time, undermine the mental balance.

People who have experienced such a state feel rebirth after coming out of it, build a new life. This state is compared to birth and death (Andrew Solomon) - something in a person dies, a new "I" appears.

Depressive state affects negatively all aspects of a person's life - professional family, physical health, there is no desire to develop, strive for new achievements. It is very important to identify signs of depression in the early stages and try to normalize mental balance and return to normal life.

Otherwise, treatment can be difficult and lengthy, prevention is always better. People remember the need to take care of physical health, but mental and mental comfort is also important and determines almost the entire life of a person.

Many are wondering how to cope with depression on their own?

Of course, this is possible in the early stages, in the case of a mild condition, it is better to treat severe depression in conjunction with doctors who will help maintain strength and not fall into despair. Special vitamins, sedatives, antidepressants are prescribed. Everything is very individual.

In this article, we will consider in more detail the methods of diagnosing and overcoming depression, available to every person, necessary for the prevention and reduction of depression.

Diagnosing depression

In order to fight depression, you first need to determine the state of the psyche and the body as a whole. It is recommended to pass a small test suggested by A.V. Kurpatov, which will give a clear answer. When answering questions, do not pay attention to the numbers, just write down your answer, and at the end, count the points.

1. Is there a feeling of tension (T)

On an ongoing basis - 3

Quite often -2

Absent - 0

1. Did I still have the opportunity to enjoy life, favorite things (D)

Yes, of course - 0

Most likely yes- 1

In rare cases - 2

Not at all- 3

1. Is there a fear of unpleasant events in life, the future (T)

Yes, there is such a fear - 3

Yes, but especially strong - 2

It happens - 1

Practically no - 0

1. Do you have a sense of humor, can I laugh, enjoy life? (D)

Yes, of course - 0

Most likely yes - 1

Quite rare - 2

I can't - 3

1. Do disturbing thoughts attend (T)

All the time - 3

Quite often - 2

Periodically - 1

1. Is there energy and desire to act? (D)

Practically no - 3

Occasionally - 2

Often found - 1

Always - 0

1. Do I know how to relax (T)

Of course - 0

I think so - 1

Extremely rare - 2

I can't - 3

1. Are there slowed down actions, reactions? (D)

Very often - 3

Yes, it happens - 2

Extremely rare - 1

There are no - 0

1. Is there a sense of tension inside? (T)

Quite often - 2

Almost all the time - 3

1. Do I forget to keep an eye on my appearance? (D)

Yes, it happens - 3

I spend little time - 2

Decreased interest - 1

Everything is fine, as always - 0

1. Is there a sense of the need to constantly be on the move, fuss? (T)

Yes, all the time - 3

1. Do I think my interests bring joy, fill life with meaning? (D)

As always - 0

Less than usual - 1

Interest decreased a lot - 2

I don't believe it - 3

Now you need to calculate the two columns T-anxiety, D-depression. Write down the result, there will be two numbers. The number of points for anxiety and depression.

The results suggest the following:

0 - 7 points- this is the value of the norm, a person does not have increased anxiety or depression;

8 - 10 points- this is a borderline state, there is a possibility of getting an anxious or depressive state, it is worth considering and taking preventive measures;

over 11 points- in the presence of anxiety or depressive disorder, it is necessary to engage in treatment.

This test will help you to roughly understand the state of your psyche, to analyze how serious your condition is. Of course, it is impossible to replace a specialist psychotherapist, however, it is possible to independently survive depression in the early stages, and if the condition is within normal limits, you can safely continue to enjoy life.

How to help yourself out of depression

When identifying signs of depression or its initial stage, you should seriously think about this issue. The difficulty lies in the fact that simple recommendations - do what you love, go shopping, take a trip - are unlikely to help.

In this state, the ability to enjoy life is lost, and moving will not change this, since the reason lies within the person, and not in external factors. If simple methods help, most likely it's just a bad mood, it can be dispelled if distracted by other interesting things. In this case, it is enough to cheer up and get out of depression (negative state).

You can survive real depression on your own by following the following algorithm:

Step 1 Finding the Source of Depression

It is necessary to understand the cause of anxiety, it is they that cause depression. It works as a defense of the body from unnecessary worries and anxieties. There is a decrease in mental activity to avoid overexertion. The result is apathy, loss of interest in life.

To get out of a depressive state, you need not just to be distracted, but to change your consciousness, the way of thinking. The root cause of everything is: anxiety, stress, which will be a reference point in work on oneself. You need to understand what caused all this - a catastrophe in life (serious loss, disappointment), the accumulation of small problems (the last straw), a problem of choice that haunts you, exhausting you to exhaustion.

Let's take a closer look at these reasons:

1. Disaster of life- may be as a result of the loss of a loved one. Moreover, the main task is to survive this, to learn to live in a new way, without advice, help, relying only on oneself. It is very difficult to rebuild your thinking, to become more independent, this causes anxiety with every new difficulty in life, the result is depression.

In such a situation, a person often forgets about himself and other loved ones, constantly experiencing loss, this is natural, but nature gives energy for creation, you need to create a new life, help relatives who live nearby, also need love and care.

Example : a story from D. Carnegie's book How to Stop Worrying and Start Living, which tells about a man who lost his newborn daughter and fell into severe depression, he did not see the point in ordinary life, sat motionless for hours, not understanding how to continue to live.

And only the second child - a little boy - brought him back to life, asking to make him a boat. My father did not want to do anything, but he gave in, and in the process of working for 3 hours he did not remember his sadness, and over time he realized that there were other close people nearby and activities for their benefit would now be the meaning of life.

To take care of the family, loved ones need to come to their senses, depression is harmful, both to the person himself and to those around him. It is worth taking care of your health, peace of mind. First of all, you need to turn on logical thinking and use forces in the right direction - there is a lot of work to do on arranging life.

Tension is given by nature for action, and not unnecessary anxiety and depression.

The main rule is that you need to realize your position, what good is left in life (relatives, professional activity), to think about the construction of your future life. In such a situation, it is a fait accompli, it is sad, but you need to continue to live, to find what for.

1. A series of problems- minor troubles, like bugs, erode us, destroying a stable state of the psyche. It happens that a person has several difficulties at once, which torment night and day. Such a situation can greatly shake a person's stability, lead to a state of depression.

Problem situations are often encountered at work, at home, these are conflicts of interest, misunderstandings of each other. It is not the situation itself that is important, but how much effort is invested in the conflict, what imprint remains - it is quickly forgotten or the insult lasts a long time.

It is important to understand that emotional outbursts can lead to chronic stress, and then to depression, physical illness (headaches, heart, stomach).

How can you avoid the impact of minor troubles on your mental state?

1. Do not aggravate, do not dramatize, try to mentally reduce the importance of the situation, do not increase!
2. If worries about the future, think about how likely this event is? Perhaps it will never happen, and the nerve cells cannot be restored.
3. Try to spend a minimum of energy and emotions on solving current issues - calmly analyze everything, make a decision and act.
4. Do not accumulate resentment, forget the troubles, worries of the current day - it happened, it makes no sense to worry, we have experienced and continue to live on. It is not worth spending energy on something that cannot be corrected, you can draw conclusions for the future. Resentment and anxiety are not the best friends, they destroy a person.
5. Do not try to take revenge, forget ingratitude, it will save your health. Evaluate your behavior, others act according to their level of upbringing.

Example: Family quarrels - the spouse bought a part for the car, but the wife does not agree - "Why, you waste your money" - as a result of a quarrel, emotions go wild, the pressure has risen. Is it worth worrying much? I bought it, well, the car will be in working order.

There are many such family situations on both sides, misunderstanding arises, it is important to understand the reason for the behavior of another person, his logic. Dramatization is expensive, it's better to decide everything calmly.

The main rule is not to exaggerate the importance of situations, events in life, to compare it with the real catastrophes of the world, maybe in fact everything is wonderful, and you are happy people.

It is more useful to convince yourself that the question is trivial, everything can be solved, than vice versa. It is better to think: problems have no meaning than - life will lose meaning. And rename problems to "difficulties" or "current tasks".

1. Problem of choice- internal conflict often leads to a depressive state. A person tries to solve an important issue, thinks for a long time about the necessary changes, delays the final decision. It can drive you crazy, torture you, haunt you. There may be professional or personal questions.

Example: it is difficult to choose between two young people - you love the first, and the second is advised by your parents, reliable and promising.

Similar situations can arise at work - there is a desire to change the field of activity, but where to go, what is the best thing to do? How to ask for a salary increase? Fears and indecision lead to cyclical tasks and spoil the nervous system. The question is often insignificant, far-fetched, but a person mentally aggravates everything, dramatizes, plays various scenarios of events and experiences.

The following recommendations will help you to cope with depression on your own in such a situation:

1. Determine which question torments and why;
2. If the answer is - a solution is difficult to find right away, postpone it for a while;
3. Switch to solving other important life issues;
4. Engage in an area where the likelihood of success is greater;
5. Look for positive moments in life, eliminate pity;
6. Find a scope, any activity reduces mental stress, which means it reduces depression.

The main rule is not to try to solve an unsolvable issue, to postpone, calm down, collect more facts, and later tackle it or change the problem.

You can help yourself out of depression only if you want to change your thoughts, give up your negative attitude, or look at things differently. Pessimism is a defensive reaction to the difficulties of life, anxiety. A person does not want to get out of depression if he is used to such a state.

We often hear: "this is unreal, it still won't work, you won't change anything." A person loses faith and hope for a better life, possible transformation for the better. However, the key to healing is in his hands. The main difficulty is that a person gets used to thinking in negative attitudes, they become habitual, and it is quite difficult to eradicate the habit.

It should be understood that these thoughts are caused by depression. It is necessary to control and tune the flow of thought in a different direction, get out of forgetting depression, inhibiting activity, thinking, protecting from anxiety.

Step 2 Inventory of thoughts

An important step will help you to cope with depression on your own - fighting depressive thinking. It is recommended to try this method - to write down on paper in three columns thoughts about life, about the future, about yourself. Then analyze and question.

If it is written that everything is bad, life is hopeless, find good, look around. Black out everything written. Further, thoughts about the future should be considered in a similar way - this is generally a mystery, the future is not known, therefore "everything is bad" or "nothing will be" does not fit.

Information about oneself in the negative is also not particularly objective, a normal person will not allow himself to be humiliated, we delete everything. These are wrong thoughts, imposed by the state of depression. This technique allows you to notice how the situation is exaggerated, does not correspond to reality.

It is important to learn to control thoughts.

Step 3 Stop feeling sorry for yourself

You can help yourself out of depression by stopping the abuse of pity. It leads to suffering, unsettles, the fulcrum is lost. An important point is the attitude to suffering: if you welcome, get used to extorting pity instead of receiving well-deserved love, life will be sad and gray.

A person can independently change the state of affairs - by forbidding the use of pity in his life, saying to himself - this is low, leads to degradation, disintegration of normal life, relationships. To break out of the vicious circle of pity and suffering, you can make an effort.

The positive of life - getting rid of self-pity, a person feels relief, understands that he can influence his life, and arouses the respect of others.

Step 4 Order in life

It is possible to cope with depression on your own by structuring your time and activities. Such a state and negative thoughts inhibit activity; a person can sit in a chair for a long time without doing anything. In the meantime, scraps of sad and depressing thoughts are spinning in my head.

It is possible to stop by switching attention to any activity - any work, activity distracts consciousness, helps to come to your senses. Even simple operations help - cleaning, washing, some kind of craft. Often realizing the reluctance and danger of being alone with thoughts, people load themselves 24 hours a day. This has a good effect when combined with other measures.

To structure life more effectively, a daily action plan will help. It is necessary to analyze what you have been doing during the day, see gaps in activity, then make a to-do list for tomorrow to take the whole day. Every evening, you should analyze the activity for the current day. It is very important to do everything thoroughly, completely immersing yourself in any business.

Such actions will help to take time, structure thoughts, direct them in the right creative direction. Purposelessness did not help anyone in life, and activity saved many, always leads to success. Each victory over oneself, by negative thinking, will bring one closer to a normal, fulfilling life.

Step 5 Stop running away from yourself, life.

If you analyze our thinking, there are thoughts-expectations, thoughts-demands and thoughts-justifications. All of them affect our life, expecting negativity - there is no desire to act, exaggerated demands on others - lead only to conflicts, justifications for their inaction - drive us into even greater hopelessness. How can you change everything?

In each life situation, consider various options for solutions, approaches to it. It is worth writing down thoughts on the matter. If everything is bad, then imagine yourself as a successful person who always gets the most out of life, what would he do? The purpose of life is to live in harmony with the world, enjoying life, to feel happiness, and the source, the foundation is a person's thinking.

There are no hopeless situations, there is no need to make excuses, it is worth looking for ways to improve your life.

John Milton said:

"The mind of a person is a thing in itself, and at his behest

Hell turns into heaven, heaven - into hellish burning. "

All life events are neutral, only a person determines their emotional coloring.

Step 6 Time for feats

In this case, the feat is not heroism, but simply an act that does not correspond to ordinary activities, something new, unconventional. To outwit the state of depression, when there is no desire to move, illogical acts that are done just like that are suitable.

Example: going to the pet store for a pet, buying a cactus, cleaning the yard, making baked goods - whatever spontaneously comes to mind. In this state, activity is necessary to reduce the level of anxiety, the release of excess energy.

As a result, the body will not need depression, the person will independently resolve the issue of overstrain. Spontaneous actions are a great weapon against depression.

Step 7 Psychological support of life

All human actions occur with a specific purpose, we are looking for positive sensations (reinforcement). They manifest themselves as the pleasure of communication, food, achievement, praise. In a depressed state, a person especially lacks support, love, but often the circle is closed, communication becomes less and less, others do not understand, depression is aggravated.

The person himself can help himself to get out of depression. You need to add positive signals to life. How to do it?

It is worth mentally praising oneself for all actions and deeds, because now they are given with great difficulty, to say: "I am a fine fellow, what I did ... I did it ...," I got up on time, got to work, "etc. Praise should be constant, evaluate your heroic efforts at every step of your life.This will give strength and self-confidence.

Step 8 Enough misery, sorrow

Looking at our life, we see that all the joys in the past, in the present are often only troubles, sorrows. It is worth considering whether this is so? Stop indulging in despondency, we put a limiter on losses, a waste of vitality. It is better to enjoy the positive aspects of life, and current difficulties are easy to solve, without increasing their importance to universal proportions.

Basic tips:

• do not make problems out of life events;
• any incident should lead to action, not experience;
• man himself is responsible for his life.

Step 9 Dealing with feelings of guilt and aggression

To overcome depression on your own, you need to understand what feelings interfere with a calm life? Perhaps tormented by a sense of guilt for past events. It is very dangerous to blame yourself constantly for past mistakes, failures. Guilt is an attempt to return to the past, to correct life. Is it possible? Of course not.

Note that this is now thought to be: it was possible to act differently, at that time they did not possess all the information, could not predict everything, acted according to those conditions, understanding of the situation. It was done and made sense at this stage of life - that's all.

Do not torture yourself, just draw conclusions, this is an experience.

Everyone makes mistakes, that's okay. Another important question is that you do not need to blindly follow the ideal, a person cannot immediately reach great heights, everything happens gradually, each person is unique and is the best himself that nature has created.

If there is a feeling of aggression, it can be a defensive reaction to the difficulties of life. It is worth understanding what caused this, it makes no sense to constantly restrain yourself. The question that has arisen, the misunderstanding needs to be resolved, otherwise, neuroses and a depressive state are observed.

Resentment, anger undermine a person, his mental and physical condition. Learn to discuss calmly what worries or dislikes, you should not be afraid to tell loved ones about your opinion, experiences. And the strategy of attacks does not lead to a solution of the situation, but rather exacerbates it.

So, we looked at the steps to help you get out of depression on your own.

In case of a difficult condition, it is worth contacting specialists (neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists) who will help develop a comprehensive treatment to combat this condition.

Many people ask the question - how long does it take to get out of depression? This is individual, depending on the state of the person, from a couple of months - to six months, on average.

It is important to understand that such periods in life are given for rethinking life, determining values, directions of movement and lead, with the right way out of depression, to a new happy life. Everything is possible, the main thing is to set a goal: to overcome the depressive state, to find your points of support.

We wish you a happy life without depression!

Is there a way to return to normal life after complete loss of vision? Yes, I have. About this - in the article.

With the deprivation of such an important function of the body as a vision of the world around us, it is possible and necessary, first of all, to talk about the need to restore independence of movement not only around the apartment, but also along the street with the possibility of visiting objects that are obligatory in everyday life - a store, a park. And if there is, then work. Expanding your social circle will help to awaken interest in what is happening around you. And the most important thing is to gain the opportunity to be useful to people.

It is easier and faster for a relative of a person with disabilities or just an accompanying person to go to the store and buy groceries. But after losing sight, it is very important not to sit in four walls, but to constantly walk.

A sedentary lifestyle will quickly lead to a weakening of the heart muscle, increased blood pressure, headaches, weight gain, and many accompanying sores.

But every event has two sides of the coin. Having at your disposal a large amount of free time, it is important to use it for your good. Engage in what previously, perhaps, "hands did not reach." Strengthening your spiritual and physical health.

First, turn your gaze to God. To do this, use listening:

programs on the TV channel "Spas";

various audio recordings of Orthodox orientation.

The Lord will give thought to the right thoughts and let the right people down to help.

Secondly, to do the restoration of your physical health. For example, in one of the centers of Dr. Bubnovsky Sergei Mikhailovich. His method of rehabilitation and strengthening of the musculoskeletal system and the whole body is becoming more and more popular. Experienced instructors are always available to assist you in your exercise in the gym.

Thirdly, to significantly increase your mobility, so as not to depend on anyone. A guide dog will help you with this. By virtue of her natural essence, she will do it with great joy. Upon reaching a high level of mutual understanding, she is able to become the eyes of her master. More than one hundred thousand people use this service in different countries.

An application for the purchase of a pet must be made in the social services. protection.

There are two guide dog schools in the country. Both are located in the cities near Moscow:

• Railway.

Here, high-class instructors select, train and prepare them for their future daily work. Most often, Labradors and Golden Retrievers become cadets of the school. These breeds are best suited for these specific responsibilities.

Selection begins at birth. The future guide must have the following qualities:

be physically healthy. The medical commission here takes ten whole days, not 40 minutes, as in human clinics. Dogs aged from 8 months to 2 years are allowed to be examined;

emotionally restrained, with a strong nervous system. Do not be intimidated by loud sounds. Candidates who show irritation when communicating with a person do not pass the selection;

have a good disposition, calm, but not phlegmatic character and temperament.

But the innate data is not enough to perform future work with blind people. Puppies undergo two years of training. First of all, the instructor teaches the guide dog to a fairly strict discipline.

As a result of the painstaking everyday educational process, the dog should be able to:

execute the commands of only your master;

give the owner a signal about the presence of obstacles on the road;

know the location of all pedestrian crossings, as well as the names and location of the final points of the route (store, work, park, etc. - over time there may be several dozen);

pick up and bring a dropped cane or bag.

A trained dog should know what is forbidden for him. For instance:

take food from the hands of another person;

when moving along the route, be distracted by extraneous noises, no matter how interesting they are to him.

The most difficult task facing the instructor in the learning process is to teach the animal to think in the same way as its owner. And also be able to:

focus on the movement of the human body;

predict his psycho - emotional reactions to various situations.

The working ammunition of the dog consists of:

collar;

harnesses - a leash with a rigid frame. With its help, the main interaction with the follower takes place - the direction and speed of the dog's movement is shown.

The training course ends with a rather strict exam, in which the future four-legged guide must confirm his readiness to become a reliable assistant for a blind person.

A school graduate receives a passport. In addition to his name, this document lists the legislative acts regulating the life of a guide animal in society. It is especially important that the procedure for the access of the four-legged assistant to public places is spelled out.

Expenses for:

travel to and from school;

hotel accommodation for the disabled person himself, as well as for the person accompanying him, is reimbursed by the state.

At the age of two, the dog is considered an adult and ready to be handed over to its permanent owner. The beginning of their interaction takes place under the supervision of an instructor. This period lasts about two weeks.

Guide dog legislation for the blind

Legislatively enshrined the duties of a four-legged guide in the performance of his duties to provide assistance to a blind person. If the visual function is completely lost, such a dog is provided by the state for use free of charge.

Returning home with a four-legged pet from his school may involve the use of an air carrier. This moment is also regulated by law.

If a guide dog needs to be transported in a passenger railway carriage, there is also a list of rules approved by law.

But this legislative act and the presented documents of a visually impaired person will help to reasonably prove the legitimacy of finding a guide dog in a public place.

With all the great help to a person with limited visual capabilities, the question of the material content of the animal involuntarily arises. And here the state takes care.

The ability to move freely will improve your mood and give you confidence. Over time, you can set yourself the goal of finding a suitable job. And successfully solve this problem for yourself. And here the tailed mate will always be with his master.

Sometimes the mutual understanding of such an assistant with his owner becomes so harmonious that those around him can take a person with disabilities for a sighted person. Especially if it is related to helping other people. A vivid example of this is in the video.

Perhaps, the feeling of a person in trouble of his need for the people around him will contribute to his further progress along the path of returning to normal life.

For the time being, we do not think about the bad - and we do the right thing. However, in this difficult world, one cannot hide from shocks and troubles. The consequences of these meetings are sometimes very tragic and in some cases hurt so deeply that it seems completely impossible to survive them.

Yevgeny Tychkovsky, a psychotherapist and trauma therapist, talks about how you can help people who have faced traumatic experiences to restore a sense of security and confidence in the world around them, writes Segodnya.

PSYCHOTRAUM

There is such a concept in psychotherapy as psychotrauma. These are experiences of extreme stress that appear after events that threaten life, health and status and in which a person took part or witnessed them (disaster, illness, violence). However, not every traumatic situation leads to trauma. According to statistics, a third of the victims are healed spontaneously, and some of the terrible event does not catch at all. For example, at night a weak person was robbed and beaten in a gateway. It is quite obvious that mental trauma is assured to him. But with a master of sports in boxing, the result will be different. It also happens that remission occurs due to the support of loved ones or due to an internal resource. So a person who had an accident is at first afraid of street traffic, does not go out for weeks, then walks, then drives only with someone familiar slowly, then faster. Over time, the fear disappears and the old life begins. But not everyone is so lucky. Two-thirds of people who are faced with a traumatic event have severe disorders: depression, all kinds of addictions (food, chemical, alcohol, drug, computer and others), as well as PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). In these cases, therapy is needed.

STEP BY STEP

Stage 1 - obtaining a resource. Sometimes at this stage, you can do without a therapist. The main thing here is to overcome self-distrust and increase self-esteem, because often after violence and trauma, the victim has the thought: "I am a dumbass, a freak, an idiot." Therefore, it is necessary to find a reason to change self-deprecating opinions and "inflate" pride in yourself, focusing on every little thing. Everything is good: titles, skills, any achievements and successes in different spheres of life. You can also write a list with your own hand that will list all the important things that have been done during your life. Each phrase must be ended with the words "I'm proud of it." For example: “I graduated from a prestigious university with honors, and I am proud of it”, “I gave birth and raised two wonderful children, and I am proud of it”, “I paint beautiful pictures, and I am proud of it” and so on. The more items there are in the list, the more voluminous resource a person receives. However, in severe cases, it is impossible to do without a therapist at this stage. So, with children who have experienced violence, it is necessary to talk about trauma using a metaphor and a fairy tale.

Stage 2 is called stabilization. Its goal is to balance and calm down. But first, it is necessary to exclude all the factors of external instability: a child beaten by classmates should be transferred to another school, a woman suffering from domestic violence should leave the rapist. Then you can work with thoughts, feelings, emotions and bodily sensations. Music, walks, special breathing exercises, yoga, meditation and any relaxing practices (they need to be dealt with with a specialist) help here. Over time, positive dynamics can be observed in human behavior. The main rule of this stage is not to dig or get into the soul. If a person feels better, thank God, if not, consultation with a trauma therapist is necessary.

Stage 3 - confrontation. It takes place only in the trauma therapist's office using special techniques. The goal of this stage is to survive an unpleasant situation in a safe environment, otherwise the traumatic experience will "sink" in the subconscious and will continue to torment: for example, a smell or some kind of picture can cause experiences that return to trauma, up to panic attacks.

Stage 4 - final. There are 2-3 meetings with the therapist, during which the importance of the experience gained is emphasized. The main emphasis: “you survived, coped with the problem, became stronger”. At these same meetings, the client and the therapist find new paths to follow: a new job, new hobbies, family, and so on.

SELF-HELP

People with PTSD need to work actively and change their lifestyles.

SPORT. Fitness, running, walking, swimming, dancing relieve tension and have a beneficial effect on physical and emotional development, increase self-esteem, which is necessary when working with trauma.

ANOTHER HOUSE. If the traumatic situation is related to your home or area, change your place of residence, moving to a place where you will feel safe.

GIVE GOOD. For many people, in order to overcome the feeling of being lost, it is important to feel needed. Volunteering and participating in social projects are an excellent solution to the problem.

NO DOPING! It is impossible to cope with psychotrauma with the help of alcohol or drugs. Over time, the condition will worsen, and you will have to be treated for addiction.

CONFIDENCE. In difficult times, the support of family and friends is important. Find new friends, renew relationships with old ones, if possible. Recovery will go faster, and in general it is more fun and easier to live with friends. It is also important to establish contact with people facing similar problems. This will help you not to feel isolated and lonely in your situation, as well as overcome distrust of the world and others.

FROM PRACTICE

A 7-year-old boy was brought to my appointment with a complaint of encopresis (fecal incontinence and inability to control the act of defecation). With the help of art therapy, it was possible to diagnose the cause - he was raped by a teenager. At the first stage of work, the parents protected their son from communicating with older "friends" who often stayed at their house. In parallel with this, step by step, it was possible to establish a trusting contact with the boy. Then a story was created for him from the life of animals, in which they fought, bit, and wounded. Thus, with the help of therapeutic fairy-tale metaphors, the boy was explained that sometimes in the human world there are the same cases as in the animal world. This was followed by a special relaxation therapy (eye and breathing exercises) aimed at relaxing the muscles, as well as reducing the level of anxiety and fear. At the last stage, it was important for the child to give the opportunity to believe in himself, focusing attention on the fact that what happened did not destroy his life. And then it was decided to transfer him to another school. By the way, the school turned out to be stronger than the previous one, and the boy is a wonderful student there.