Moss mushroom: photo and description of the mushroom. Moss mushroom, or yellow-brown butterfly (Suillus variegatus) Beneficial properties of the mushroom

Moss mushroom is an edible mushroom that is a member of the Boletaceae family. It is called so because the fruiting bodies grow in moss. Externally, the moss mushroom resembles a boletus mushroom. It is edible.

General characteristics of the mushroom

The flywheel is a member of the Boletaceae family. There are several varieties of this mushroom, which differ slightly from each other in external characteristics.

The mushroom has a hemispherical cap, the diameter of which reaches 10 cm. As the mushroom matures, the surface is covered with cracks. A distinctive feature of the flywheel is the blue color of the pulp when cut.

The color of the upper part varies from light golden to bright red. The surface feels like velvet and is dry to the touch. The lower part is smooth or slightly wrinkled.

These mushrooms contain many valuable substances: essential oils, amino acids, B vitamins, phosphorus, copper, potassium, urea. 100 g of flywheel contains the daily requirement of zinc and copper required by the body.

In total, 18 species of moss fly are known. 8 of them grow in Russia.

Varieties of moss mushrooms

Edible types of this mushroom are:

• Polish mushroom (also known as chestnut mushroom). This is an edible mushroom, moreover, it is considered one of the most delicious in Europe. Its dimensions are quite large: the circumference of the cap can be 12-15 cm. Its surface is brown. The pulp of the Polish mushroom is aromatic and has a pleasant taste.
• Moss fly semi-golden. This is a conditionally edible type of mushroom. This type is not very common. A distinctive feature of the semi-golden flywheel is the gray-yellow tint of the fruiting body.
• Velvet. Its cap is spherical in shape. As the mushroom matures, it becomes spherical. Color ranges from brown to reddish-brown. Leg length – from 4 to 12 cm.
• Yellow-brown. It is also called yellow-brown butterfly, sandy moss, and marsh moss. The hat is semicircular, its edges are curved down. The size of the cap varies from 5 to 14 cm in diameter. The surface of a young mushroom is velvety; as the mushroom matures, cracks and scales appear on it. During growth, the cap has a gray-orange or yellow-gray color. There are small yellow tubes on the bottom of the cap. The pulp is tough and almost tasteless.
• Red moss. The mushroom cap reaches 9 cm in diameter. It is meaty and fibrous. The pulp has a yellowish tint and turns blue when cut. The leg is long and smooth, its length on average is 10 cm.
• Green moss. The upper part of this mushroom is painted golden brown, its diameter is up to 10 cm. The stem has the shape of a cylinder, expanding closer to the base. The pulp is dense, white, with a pronounced mushroom smell.
• Variegated (or fissured) moss. A distinctive feature of such a mushroom is the presence of a whole network of cracks in the cap. Its diameter reaches 3-7 cm. The color varies from gray to burgundy. The leg has the shape of a club.

Polish mushroom

Moss fly semi-golden

Velvet moss

Yellow-brown moss

Red moss

Green moss

Cracked moss

Among the mushrooms of this species there are also inedible species. These include:

Gall moss

Pepper moss

To distinguish an edible mushroom from a false one, you must remember that the latter is small in size compared to an edible mushroom, and also does not have a characteristic mushroom smell. It would be more correct to say that it has no odor at all.

Another sign that allows you to distinguish an edible flywheel from an inedible one is that if you cut an edible flywheel, the cut area will turn blue. Inedible flywheel does not change color when cut.

Places and times of growth

Different types of mushrooms grow in different places. For example, the Polish mushroom is found in Siberia and the North Caucasus. It prefers coniferous forests, growing on sandy soils.

The red moss can be found in the Far East. This type of mushroom can also be found in North African countries and in the deciduous forests of Europe.

Green moss mushroom grows everywhere, in forests with deciduous and coniferous trees.

The semi-golden moss can be found in the forests of the Caucasus, as well as the Far East.

Mushrooms begin to actively grow in July and complete fruiting in September, but these periods are different for different types of flywheel. For example, the Polish mushroom is harvested from June to November, and the red flywheel - in August and September.

Technology for growing flywheel at home

To reap generous harvests without leaving home, you can plant flywheel mycelium in your garden plot. A mushroom bed will not take up much space. For it you need to choose a shady area. The depth of the trench in which the mycelium should be planted should be about 30 cm.

The substrate for the mushroom bed can be taken from the forest. It should contain branches, humus and leaves. It is better to take the land where moss mushrooms grew.

The soil taken from the forest must be placed in a prepared trench. After this, you need to pour clean cold water over the collected mature flywheels. They should stand like this for 24 hours.

After the specified time, the mushrooms need to be mashed with your hands to make porridge. Add a little water here and pour the mass into the trench, into which you must first lay out the nutrient mass (leaves, humus, branches). Thanks to such manipulations, an artificial mycelium will appear. Sprinkle the mycelium with soil on top (about 5 cm).

In the first 2 months, it is necessary to water the mushroom beds abundantly so that the mycelium does not die due to drought. The first moss mushrooms will appear a year after sowing the mycelium.

If a type of flywheel such as the Polish mushroom is grown, then it is better to grow it not on the ground, but in its natural environment. This means that oak, beech, pine or hornbeam should grow near the landing site.

You can also grow flywheel mushrooms on stumps. In this case, you need to sow mycelium near them. Crops need to be covered with straw.

Useful properties of the mushroom

Moss fly has the following beneficial properties:

• facilitates the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract: flywheel contains enzymes that help improve the digestion of food;
• stimulates thyroid function;
• reduces the risk of developing atherosclerosis;
• improves vision;
• removes toxins from the body;
• maintains body tone;
• promotes the restoration of nerve cells;
• strengthens hair and nails, improves the condition of the skin;
• promotes the removal of harmful toxic substances from the body;
• helps reduce the severity of inflammatory processes, since flywheel contains a special substance that functions as a natural antibiotic;
• Maintains strong teeth and bones because it contains calcium.

Fly mushrooms contain few calories, but are nutritious, so you can eat them even if you are overweight.

Despite all the beneficial properties of mushrooms, fly mushrooms should not be consumed by people suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver diseases, and urolithiasis.

How and what to cook from moss mushrooms?

When starting to process the collected flywheels, you need to remember that in their purified form they darken when exposed to air. That is why they need to be immersed in water with citric acid dissolved in it (2 g per liter) and salt (teaspoon per liter).

These mushrooms can be marinated and pickled, as well as fried and added to various dishes. Moss mushrooms have a pronounced mushroom taste and aroma. The whole mushroom goes into the dishes: both the caps and the lower part.

Moss mushroom goes well with meat, chicken, cabbage, pumpkin, and cream.

Popular dishes made from these mushrooms are:

Marinated moss mushrooms

Mushrooms must be thoroughly cleaned and washed. Place in a deep saucepan, add water, and put on fire until it boils. Boil for 15 minutes over low heat, discard the mushrooms in a colander.

While the water is draining, prepare the marinade. To do this, pour a tablespoon of sugar and salt into a liter of water, add 2 bay leaves, a couple of cloves of garlic and a little cloves. Put on fire, let it boil, add a tablespoon of vinegar.

Without turning off the heat, add the mushrooms to the marinade and simmer for 5 minutes. Place mushrooms in sterilized jars. The liquid should cover the mushrooms. Roll up the cans. Store pickled mushrooms in a cool place.

Stewed moss mushrooms

To prepare this aromatic dish, take a kilogram of mushrooms, an onion, and 200 g of sour cream. Boil the mushrooms in a thick-bottomed bowl for 1.5 hours, then fry.

A few minutes before the mushrooms are ready, add chopped onion, salt and pepper. After this, add sour cream and a little water to the mushrooms.

When the sauce thickens, the dish is ready. It can be served as a sauce for cereals or pasta.

Fried mushrooms for the winter

This is a preparation that differs from the usual pickled or salted mushrooms. To prepare, you need to take a kilogram of moss mushrooms, 250 ml of vegetable oil, salt and pepper to taste.

Peel and wash the mushrooms, boil them 2 times for 15 minutes, changing the water after each time and washing them again. Heat a frying pan with vegetable oil, place chopped mushrooms in it, cover with a lid and simmer for half an hour. After this, remove the lid and simmer for another 15 minutes until the liquid has completely evaporated, add salt and pepper.

Place the prepared mushrooms in sterilized jars, pour the remaining oil from frying on top 2 cm, and roll up. Store moss mushrooms prepared in this way for 6 months.

Moss mushrooms with honey

This is a very unusual dish with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. To prepare you need 1.5 kg of mushrooms, 2 tablespoons of honey, 2 cloves of garlic, 2 tablespoons of mustard and the same amount of vinegar, 50 g of vegetable oil, parsley.

You need to peel and wash the flywheels and cut them into cubes. Chop the greens, pass the garlic through a press, add honey, vinegar, mustard and chopped mushrooms. Mix everything thoroughly, put in the refrigerator, let stand for 3 hours.

Heat vegetable oil in a frying pan, add the whole mixture along with the marinade. Simmer over low heat for 45 minutes. This dish goes well with boiled potatoes.

Mushroom soup

You can cook it with either meat broth or vegetables. Process mushrooms (300 g), trim the stems. Chop the moss mushrooms. Peel and chop an onion and 3 potatoes, a bunch of green onions.

Fry the mushrooms for 8-10 minutes, then add the onion to them, fry for another 4-5 minutes. Place the contents of the frying pan into boiling water or broth, add salt, add 2 tablespoons of pearl barley, and cook for 10 minutes over medium heat. After this, add potatoes to all the ingredients and cook for 15 minutes.

City: Izhevsk

Yellow-brown mossy mushroom can be seen in coniferous and mixed forests, but grows on soils with a predominance of sand. This is a completely edible specimen. It can be consumed boiled, fried or pickled. There are several names: marsh moss, yellow aspen, bog moth, pied moth, sandy moth and yellow-brown butterwort. Sometimes called yellow aspen, it is usually found either as single specimens or in small groups. There are especially many of them growing in the north of the European territory of Russia. Yellow-brown moss mushrooms are rarely wormy because the flies that feed on the mushrooms do not like their very pungent and resinous taste.

There are several types of moss fly mushrooms that can be found in any forest, coniferous or deciduous. Mushrooms are so called because they often grow on mosses, for example, in forests, tundra, on the slopes of mountains or ravines, old stumps and trees.

A sign of moss mushrooms is a dry, slightly blue cap (with clear and very even brims).

The tubular layer of the mushroom cap is usually light golden in color, its surface is sticky, especially in wet weather. When cut, the legs of moss mushrooms also have a bluish tint; they do not have any rings or scales. They usually grow slightly elongated and rather thin, with tall mushroom caps.

Considering that the yellow-brown moss mushroom belongs to the third category of nutritional value and does not have a special taste, this specimen does not cause much interest among experienced mushroom pickers. But still this species is conditionally edible. Those who deal with mushrooms professionally know and recommend not to collect old specimens, because their spongy layers often peel off. You need to eat the caps of moss mushrooms. This species is often called the yellow-brown oiler because, like the moss, it grows in damp areas of the forest or near peat bogs.

The false flywheel is similar to the green flywheel, it is characterized by its small size, the diameter of its cap is no more than 5 cm. The taste and smell are very unpleasant, and there is also no characteristic blue discoloration when cut. Not a single variety of flywheel has such characteristics, so it is simply impossible to make a mistake in identifying an inedible specimen. It happens that this type of fly mushroom is confused with similar pepper mushrooms. They have a very bitter taste, which becomes more pronounced when cooked.

They have a characteristic white, dirty pink or light brown color and an unpleasant taste. Knowledgeable people suggest that these mushrooms have many special characteristics, for example, they taste bitter or turn red when cut, and have an unpleasant smell and taste. Another type of inedible flywheel is the chestnut mushroom. It has a specific red velvety cap, which usually tends to crack in hot weather, and when pressure is applied to it, brown spots form. This mushroom acquires bitterness, but loses it when dried. Therefore, you need to be very careful when choosing mushrooms when collecting them in order to avoid cases where some inedible specimens of fly mushrooms accidentally end up in the basket.

• Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
• Order: Boletales
• Family: Suillaceae (Oilcans)
• Genus: Suillus (Oil Can)
• View: Suillus variegatus (Yellow-brown moss)

Other names for the mushroom:

Russian synonyms:

• Variegated oiler

• Boss moss

• Sand moss

• Moss fly yellow-brown

• Bolotovik

• Pied

Scientific synonyms:

• Boletus variegatus
• Ixocomus variegatus
• Boletus squalidus

Cap: The yellow-brown oiler has a cap that is initially semicircular with a rolled edge, later cushion-shaped, with a diameter of 50-140 mm. The surface is initially olive or gray-orange, pubescent, which gradually cracks into small scales that disappear at maturity. In young mushrooms it is gray-yellow, gray-orange, later brownish-reddish, in maturity light ocher, sometimes slightly slimy. The skin is very difficult to separate from the flesh of the cap. The tubes are 8-12 mm tall, initially attached to the stem, later slightly cut out, initially yellow or light orange, dark olive when ripe, turning slightly blue when cut. The pores are initially small, then larger, gray-yellow, then light orange and finally brown-olive, turning slightly blue when pressed.

Leg: The leg of the butterdish is yellow-brown, cylindrical or club-shaped, 30-90 mm high and 20-35 mm thick, smooth, lemon yellow or a lighter shade, the lower part is orange-brown or reddish.

Pulp: Firm, light yellow, light orange, lemon-yellow above the tubes and under the surface of the stem, brownish at the base of the stem, slightly blue in places when cut. Without much taste; with the smell of pine needles.

Spore Powder: Olive brown.

Spores: 8-11x 3-4 µm, ellipsoid-fusiform. smooth, light yellow.

Growth: Yellow-brown butterwort grows primarily on sandy soil from June to November in coniferous and mixed forests, often in very large quantities. Fruiting bodies appear singly or in small groups.

Distribution: The yellow-brown oiler is known in Europe; in Russia - in the European part, in Siberia and the Caucasus, reaching north to the limit of pine forests, as well as in the mountain forests of Siberia and the Caucasus.

Similarity: The yellow-brown oiler resembles a moss fly, which is why it is often called yellow-brown moss fly.

A strong-looking adult mushroom, the boletus mushroom is often confused with the boletus mushroom, a relative of the Boletaceae family, a young one with the boletus mushroom, or even false boletus mushrooms are collected instead, but the edible mushroom has a significant difference, and lovers of “quiet hunting” need to know about it.

The moss fly acquired its name for its predominant habitat in mosses - in forests of temperate latitudes of both hemispheres, on ravine slopes, in the tundra, in the alpine zone, even on stumps and trunks of trees fallen from the wind. It is found under both coniferous and deciduous trees, forming mycorrhiza with spruce, pine, oak, linden, beech, and European chestnut.

Among mushroom pickers, the flywheel is considered a safe mushroom: being a tubular mushroom, which has practically no relatives dangerous to human health, excludes the possibility of mistaking it for some kind of poisonous lamellar mushroom.

Characteristic features of moss mushrooms

The flywheel has an easily recognizable cap: in young mushrooms it is round, with a light golden-chocolate hue and a pale orange tubular layer; in older specimens it is cushion-shaped or flat, cherry-brown in color, with a greenish-brown or yellow hymenophore. The surface of the cap is pleasant and velvety to the touch, sometimes cracked, and sticky in wet weather. The leg is smooth or slightly wrinkled, without rings or covering. Those mushrooms that grow in dry moss are elongated, while those growing among lush green moss clumps are short and thick.

At the point where pressure is applied to any part of the mushroom or on a cut, the flywheel develops a characteristic blue discoloration, which distinguishes it from many other mushrooms.

Types of moss mushrooms

There are 18 species in the genus Mokhovik (Xerocomus), of which only seven are found in the vast expanses of Russia.

Polish mushroom (X. badius)

Photo of Polish mushroom

It is reputed to be an excellent edible mushroom, one of the most delicious in Europe. It is quite large in size: the brownish cap sometimes reaches 12–15 cm in circumference, and the leg rises 10–13 cm. Its flesh is fleshy, with a pleasant taste and a pronounced mushroom smell, whitish or slightly creamy-yellow. The tubular layer is golden, later olive-yellowish in color, the spores are light brown. In Russia it grows more often in coniferous forests on sandy soils, and is found in the European part, the North Caucasus, Siberia and on the island of Kunashir.

Good edible mushrooms are: red moss, moss green And mottled or fissured flywheel.

Red flywheel (X. rubellus)

Photo of red flywheel

A medium-sized mushroom with a deep red cap up to 8 cm in circumference, velvety-felt to the touch. It rises on a thin, up to 1 cm thick, stalk about 10 cm high, at the base with a pinkish-salmon tint. The tubular layer is dull yellow, the spores are brick brown. The species is collected only in deciduous forests, more often in the oak forests of Europe and the Far East; the mushroom is also found in North Africa, but it is not called growing everywhere.

Green moss (X. subtomentosus)

Photo of green flywheel

A mushroom with an olive-brown or grayish cap up to 10 cm in diameter and a cylindrical, slightly narrowed downward, smooth stem up to 2 cm thick and 4 to 10 cm high, white flesh and a yellowish hymenophore. It grows everywhere, both in deciduous and coniferous forests, and can even be found on anthills. The distribution area is vast.

Variegated or fissured flywheel (X. chrysenteron)

A mushroom with a characteristic network of cracks on a small (3–7 cm in diameter) cap, which differs in different shades: burgundy-cherry, olive-chocolate, terracotta-red, ocher-gray. The leg, which grows up to 10 cm, has an unusual club-shaped shape. At the bottom, the leg is reddish with barely noticeable grayish-fibrous bands. The hymenophore is large-porous, creamy yellow or light olive in color, the spores are yellow-brown. Distributed everywhere: in coniferous and mixed forests on loose, acidic soil throughout Europe and the European part of Russia, the Far East and the North Caucasus.

The following types of moss fly mushrooms are classified as conditionally edible:

• blunt-spore (X. truncatus),
• chestnut (X. spadiceus),
• powdered (X. pulverulentus),
• woody (X. lignicola),
• semi-golden (X. hemichrysus).

Collection period and rules

Moss fly mushrooms bear fruit en masse from July to September inclusive, however, each species has its own start and end dates for ripening. Thus, the first fissured moss mushrooms appear in the last ten days of June, and single specimens are found until the end of September, although they are collected in large quantities only from the second half of August until the tenth day of the first month of autumn.

Collection period Polish mushroom- from June to November, it is often found when other tubular mushrooms can no longer be found.

On the territory of Russia they are harvested from May to October, and red It is not distinguished by abundant fruiting and ends up in mushroom pickers’ baskets along with other fly mushrooms in August and September.

When collecting fly mushrooms, carefully monitor the appearance of blue on the cut or when pressing on the body of the mushroom - the main sign of its edibility.

False moss mushrooms and their photos

The caps of fly mushrooms vaguely resemble the poisonous mushroom Amanita pantherina. It is necessary to carefully examine their reverse side - the fly agaric has a tubular side, the fly agaric has a lamellar side, and the outside surface of the poisonous mushroom cap is distinguished by small white flakes that easily fall off.

The poisonous pepper mushroom (Chalciporus piperatus) is similar to the red flywheel, having a cherry-reddish tint of the stem and tubular layer. When cut, both the cap and the stem turn pink in contrast to the mossy blue.

Gall mushroom (Tylopilus felleus)

They are more often confused with young boletus mushrooms and boletus mushrooms than with mossy mushrooms, but there is still a chance of getting into the company of mossy mushrooms. Although the gall mushroom is not poisonous, its bitter taste that appears during heat treatment will spoil any mushroom dish.

The variegated flywheel also has an inedible counterpart - the chestnut mushroom, or chestnut gyroporus (Gyroporus castaneus) with the same brownish cap, which changes shades during the ripening process and in dry weather is covered with a fine network of cracks. It is distinguished by a hollow brownish stem and does not change color when cut, which cannot be said about its relative. Gyroporus blue(G. cyanescens), less similar to the moss fly due to its grayish-brown or brownish-yellow cap. Both mushrooms are inedible and are very bitter in dishes.

Useful properties and contraindications

Mushrooms contain many healthy substances: enzymes that promote food digestion; natural sugars, thanks to which dishes made from them are considered low-calorie and suitable for dietary nutrition; vitamins PP, D and B; microelements, including molybdenum and calcium, in terms of the content of which flywheels occupy a leading position among mushrooms.

Fly mushrooms do not produce any harmful effects on the body. Most mushrooms are perceived by the stomach as heavy food, so people with chronic diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract are advised to refrain from eating mushroom dishes in large quantities. However, fly mushrooms do not create such a pronounced heaviness effect on the stomach as other mushrooms. Still, you should not offer them to children under 3 years of age and, of course, to those who are allergic to mushrooms.

Cooking recipes

After a “quiet hunt,” a novice mushroom picker has a problem: how to cook moss mushrooms appetizingly, despite their mediocre taste declared in all culinary reference books?

The main thing is to remember an important thing - flywheels immediately begin to darken from interaction with air, so fresh peeled mushrooms are immediately immersed in water, adding 2 g of citric acid and a teaspoon of salt per 1 liter.

When pickled and pickled, mushrooms are excellent preparations for the winter, but they are extremely rarely used for drying - due to the same characteristic darkening. To prepare dishes from moss mushrooms, both caps and legs are used. Moss mushrooms do not need to be pre-boiled before frying or adding to soups, and the Polish mushroom is also eaten raw as the main accent of salads. The “Awesome” salad is incredibly tasty, although the moss mushrooms used for it are still pickled.

Salad with Polish mushroom

Main ingredients:

• mushrooms – 0.5 l jar,
• processed cheese – 100 g,
• boiled potatoes – 5–6 pieces,
• pickled cucumber – 2-3 pieces,
• mayonnaise for dressing,
• greens to taste.

Experienced cooks recommend using cucumbers for this salad from a marinade with citric acid rather than vinegar. All components of the dish are crushed, mixed and seasoned with mayonnaise, and greens are added at your discretion.

Moss mushrooms for this salad, and for many other dishes, are prepared for the winter as follows:

Marinated moss mushrooms

Mushrooms are cleaned and thoroughly washed, damaged ones and those that are too large are sorted out, leaving caps no more than 5–6 cm in circumference.

Place in a saucepan, add water and bring to a boil, then boil for 10–15 minutes over low heat and drain the contents into a colander. Allow the water to drain while preparing the marinade. Add 1 tablespoon of salt and sugar to 1 liter of water, add 2 small bay leaves, a few cloves of garlic and just a little cloves. After boiling, pour 1 tbsp. a spoonful of vinegar and transfer the mushrooms to the pan. Boil in the marinade for 5 minutes, then place in sterilized glass containers so that the liquid covers the entire contents, and roll up.

Moss mushrooms make delicious soups, stewed or fried side dishes, and baked in sour cream they can easily claim to be an exquisite culinary masterpiece.

This is what our article will be about, namely how to distinguish a real flywheel from a poisonous one and whether it will be edible or not.

Did you know? The body of the mushroom is the mycelium located in the ground. It can spread over vast distances, while the mushroom itself is a fruit designed to implement a reproduction program.

Fly mushroom: general description

The boletus belongs to the Boletaceae family and is a direct relative of the boletus. The most delicious types of flywheel are considered to be variegated, red, Polish and green.

Each type of flywheel mushroom has a different description, but basically its cap is dry, slightly velvety, and with age, cracks appear on the skin. Its size changes as it grows, but it can reach a diameter of up to 9 cm.

Mushroom pulp - white, yellow, red or, as happens in many species, blue. You can tell the color by the location of the cut. All cap mushrooms, such as the flywheel, have a hymenophore(the surface on which a layer of spore-forming cells develops - hymenia). The moss fly is tubular, and the pores of the tubes are quite wide. They can be of different colors: yellow, greenish-yellow or red.

A distinctive feature of the flywheel from other types of mushrooms is that that when pressing on the hymenophore, a blue color remains at the site of contact. False moth fly can be recognized by a different description, but they are very similar, which we will talk about a little later.

Stipe wrinkled or smooth, depending on the species. It grows up to 8 cm. Spore powder comes in different shades (for example, brown).

Did you know? Each mushroom contains about 90% water.

Common types of flywheel with description

There are about 18 species of moss mushrooms. Therefore, in the following sections you will learn what types of flywheel mushrooms there are and what types of them exist.

Did you know? Mushrooms produce vitamin D, if, of course, they have enough sunlight. The color of the mushroom cap depends on this.

It is the most common and popular representative of its genus. It can be recognized by its golden-brown cap, which reaches 10 cm in diameter. The shape of the cap is prostrate and cushion-shaped. The leg of the green flywheel is cylindrical and widens towards the base. It reaches a height of 9 cm, and a thickness of up to 3 cm. It is lighter than the cap of the mushroom, and there is also a brick-red tint. The flesh of the green mushroom is dense and white, but turns blue when cut.

You can find the mushroom in clearings, near roads and in forests, where it grows from mid-May to early October.

This variety is fried, boiled, pickled and frozen.

Important! Green moss mushrooms are not dried, as they turn black during long-term storage.

Scientists attribute the yellow-brown moss fly to the genus Maslyat, but in appearance it is not at all similar to the butterfly.

The cap of the mushroom is brownish-yellow with a rolled edge. The cap size is 140 mm in diameter. The surface gradually cracks, and with age the cap changes color: for example, young mushrooms have a gray-yellow tint, later it becomes reddish, and in maturity it acquires a light ocher color.

The cap does not separate well from the pulp, and when pressed it turns blue. The mushroom stem is shaped like a cylinder and reaches a height of approximately 90 mm, with a thickness of up to 35 mm. It has a lemon yellow color. The flesh of the mushroom is firm and light yellow.

The mushroom can be found in coniferous or mixed forests from July to October.

Yellow-brown moss mushroom can be consumed fried, salted or pickled. It can also be dried.

Did you know? A mushroom that was about 1,000 years old was discovered in Switzerland. This is a honey fungus, measuring 800x500 meters, and its mycelium occupies 35 hectares of the Swiss national park in Ofenpass.

It is known to many precisely because of its color, and almost everyone knows where it grows. Thus, it can often be found in deciduous forests among moss or short grass.

The mushroom cap is cushion-shaped and reaches 8 cm in diameter. The color of the mushroom is deep red, the hymenophore is yellow, but when pressed it slowly turns blue. The plant's stem is cylindrical and grows up to 10 cm in height and up to 1 cm in thickness. Outside, under the cap, it is yellow, and closer to the base it becomes raspberry-pinkish. The flesh of the flywheel mushroom is dense and yellow in color.

You can find the mushroom from August to September. This type of moss fly has a pleasant smell, but it is better to cook it right away, since it darkens when dried and is not suitable for storage.

Polish mushroom (brown)

With a brown leg and a brown cap. Its cap reaches about 20 cm in diameter and is shaped like a dark brown pillow. When pressing on the yellow tubular surface, blue or brownish-brown spots appear. The leg is dense, shaped like a cylinder and reaches up to 14 cm in length and up to 4 cm in thickness. Turns blue when pressed. The mushroom pulp is dense with a fruity or mushroom smell.

This mushroom is one of the most popular edible mushrooms, and it is used fresh, dried, salted, pickled and frozen.

Did you know? Many mushrooms contain substances that cause euphoria and hallucinations. The ancient shamans and Vikings knew this, who used this property to perform rituals (in particular, to give themselves courage and attack the enemy with all fearlessness and power).

You can find such a mushroom in mixed and coniferous forests, but the task becomes more difficult, since you need to know exactly when Polish mushrooms grow in your region. For example, in Western Europe, mushrooms are found from July to November, in Belarus - from August to November, in the Moscow region - from the beginning of July to the end of October, and in Ukraine - from July to October.

It is found in coniferous and deciduous forests from July to October. The mushroom cap is thick, fleshy, matte and has cracks, which served as the basis for the name. Between them you can see white and red flesh. The cap reaches up to 10 cm in diameter. The stem of the mushroom is cylindrical in shape and yellowish in color. Closer to the base, the color of the leg changes to red. The stem reaches 6 cm in length and up to 2 cm in thickness. The flesh of the fissured flywheel is white or yellow, red at the base of the stem, and at the break it first turns blue and then turns red.

If you accidentally collected a false moss, no need to worry. All types of fake mushrooms have only a bitter taste. This twin mushroom is very small in size, the diameter of its cap is only 5 cm. It has no special smell, and also does not turn blue when cut. Many experienced mushroom pickers simply try to avoid it.

False fly mushrooms also include gall, pepper and chestnut mushrooms.

has a convex shape of a red-brown color. The diameter of the cap reaches 8 cm. The pulp is white and does not change when cut. The stem is solid, shaped like a cylinder, and its color is similar to the color of the cap. Leg size 3.5 by 3 cm.