Wine and vodka department. Wine and vodka products. How to open a wine and vodka shop: tips

The crossed-out gap in the history of industry and production in the Russian Empire is curious, the same crossed-out gap that erased the new Soviet power that came as a result of the revolutionary upheaval in October 1917, everyone knows the facts that later all the property of the Russian Empire, and its citizens, was Soviet power I appropriated it for myself on a gratuitous basis, that is, it was nationalized, however, now I am not talking about this, since I am ahead of events.
In this article we will mention the domestic production of alcoholic beverages of the Russian Empire, it is interesting that historical fact, what alcohol production in the issue represented well-known domestic Russian brands throughout Europe and the world, actively participated in international exhibitions, and exhibited domestic products to a wide international public: grape and bread vodka, wines, cognacs, liqueurs, liqueurs, beer and other spirits, won at international exhibitions first and second places.

Another important question was whether there were actual differences between various types alcohol in terms of their effect on blood pressure. Researchers studied this question over 20 years ago in a study. A survey of 510 people collected data on preferences alcoholic beverages 288 people who were not taking any blood pressure medication. It was found that the mean systolic blood pressure for beer and drinks drinking women and men, was higher than for wine consumption.

At the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, the products of Russian wine and vodka factories took first and second places at international exhibitions in Paris, Madrid, Liverpool, Brussels, Turin, Antwerp, Rome and at domestic exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv, Chisinau, Nizhny Novgorod, the most curious thing is that many domestic drinks received the Grand Prix, gold and silver medals, honorary diplomas, which were later placed on the labels, the products were very popular among the domestic local population, and were also popular with foreign consumers , the goods were exported to a number of European countries, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, the Middle East, and other countries.

Diastolic values were only slightly higher compared to the comparison groups. The data were also analyzed according to the number of daily drinks. Compared to lifelong withdrawals, upper values were 2.8 mmHg higher. For men who consumed one or two drinks a day, lower values were about 1.6 mmHg. In women, upper arterial blood values were abolished in this group of 0.5 mmHg. Higher, lower values - 1.4 mmHg. For best comparison data, other factors such as body weight, education and marital status, and smoking habits were calculated.

For example, at the World Exhibition in Paris, the highest awards (Grand Prix) were awarded to: "Treasury sale of drinks", Peresazhsky (Chernigov province) distillation plant E.A. Sluchevskaya, "Partnership of N.L. Shustov with S-s", "Joint-Stock Company of A. Wolfshmidt", V.A. Streeter, (vodka, liqueurs, liquors), D.Z. Saradzhev (alcohol, cognac, bread wine, liqueurs, liqueurs), heirs of I.V. Alexandrova, N.A. Tereshchenko, Countess A.D. Stroganova, N.N. Evreinov, V.P. Kalashnikov, P.A. Smirnov, Beckman.

Similar differences between beer and wine in their effect on blood pressure were found in the National Health Survey, a survey on the health of the German population on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Health. It has been found that the corresponding mean systolic blood pressure increases with beer drummers already from a daily intake of more than 40 grams, but with a drunk, on the other hand, with only more than 80 grams of alcohol per day.

Differences were found in people who drank up to 80 grams of alcohol daily. On the other hand, an amount of beer comparable to the alcohol content leads to an increase in pressure up to 138 mmHg. However, with these minor differences, it should be remembered that a decrease in systolic blood pressure by 3 mm Hg. Increases the risk of death from stroke or coronary heart disease.

Some of Russian manufacturers vodka and others strong drinks received the high title of Supplier of His Imperial Majesty, these manufacturers could depict on their labels and on bottles the State Emblem of Russia - the Double-Headed Eagle.
Bottles of wine, vodka, cognac, and beer products of the Russian Empire differed in their design work (the form of a standing naked woman, the form of bears, fish, a gymnast, a poodle sitting on its hind legs, a peasant with a balalaika, in the form of busts of Pushkin, Turgenev, Princess Olga, General Skobelev or in the form eiffel tower etc.), glass of various colors, and different capacity, sometimes view original bottles of the Russian Empire strikes the imagination of our contemporary, since the type and color of the design in artistic terms is very unusual, like the labels that were designed by famous Russian artists of that time, now the labels are considered unique antiques, and a stylish rarity, an example of applied art, now a rare bottle in the form of a peasant with a balalaika is a very rare specimen among collectors and costs a lot of money.

Therefore, it is especially important that endangered people use only moderate alcohol and give certain preferences to wine. Press tour to wine, beer and water cabins in Western Poland - a trip to the Polish metro. A journalist on a tour group said he had had grappa in Tuscany with the locals and, although he could barely speak Italian, he understood everything. Another had a similar experience at a bar in Havana with rum. We came to the conclusion that for a better understanding, we should drink the alcohol produced there.

But what is alcohol, so to speak, Poles? To answer this question, we first went to the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, where we tasted the vodka of the Polmos state conglomerate in Stettin. First, alcohol is obtained from vegetable juice, the sugars of which are brought by bacteria to alcoholic fermentation. This biological process is followed by one to three physical processes consisting of a thermal separation process. This creates liquid condensate: liquor. Previously, these two processes, as well as the cultivation of field crops, took place almost under the same roof.

Bone glass, bear made at the Micheron factory.

A copy of such a bottle is kept by the local history museum of Luka, where A. Linkfeld's factory was located in Tarkovichi.

After the lost First World War, she turned to Winebrand, and after the second, vodka. But it's actually a "wedding schnapps" that has been used in Poland for 500 years and launched shortly after the groom's birth. The most expensive bottle today costs 150 euros.

Research. Researchers from Stockholm University found that 50 grams of alcohol daily causes permanent brain damage, Swedish scientists from the Karolinska Institute came to the opposite conclusion: alcohol stimulates the formation of new nerve cells. Regardless of these conflicting research findings, Scandinavians love to travel to Poland to drink and buy alcoholic beverages because they are extremely expensive in their country and only available in state monopolies.

A bottle in the form of a Balalaika made of white bone glass can be seen in the exposition of the Yegorievsk Art Museum. Such a transparent glass bottle is available on the Hermitage website.

A bottle in the shape of a crucian fish for vodka Severnaya of the partnership of Peter Smirnov.

Polish researchers from Warsaw learned about these Scandinavians who, although they often walk around Poland due to alcohol consumption, they often return to their homeland, unlike their compatriots, to drink at home extended horizon. Wine was grown in the neighboring Lubuski voivode. Here German landowners built potatoes and made vodka out of them. During World War II, the buildings were almost completely destroyed. Now the estate belongs to the owners of the shop factory "Novol". They have already invested several million euros in the locksmith's shop.

Produced at the factories of the Kosterev Brothers.

A transparent glass bottle depicting a hand holding a dagger.

Only 80 employees take care of stables, fish farming, hotel business, vineyard and park. Wine grows still experimenting. He returns to Cistercian monasticism in the century - and was revived again in the Lubusz region within a century, but a new attempt was made only with the new owners of the castle. Previously, there were only fruits and imported wines. We haven't been able to taste the wine yet, as the first real harvest was yet to come. In the village of Zabor, a local journalist who owned a vineyard was waiting for us.

His parents previously cultivated cherry trees. The white wine was somewhat tasteless to me, and the Zweigelt looked like Chekhov's Frankovka. From Moravia, winemakers who produce thousands of liters a year also receive advice. There are about 30-40 winemakers in this area, they offer their products mainly at the wine festival in Zielona Góra. Since it is still unclear how to hide them - whether they are peasants or businessmen - winemakers can still sell their Business Cards for 15 zlotys - and they give a free bottle of wine.

Clear glass bottle, bust of A.S. Pushkin.

Since the dawn of a new era in Europe's northernmost wine-producing region, wine has become increasingly popular, despite problems with distribution in Poland, our companions were assured. In Zielona Gora there is an impressive vineyard in the middle of the town, with a palm house above it, and in the old town there is a local museum dedicated to the local winemaking of an entire department. In the former Grünberg, mainly German and Jewish producers made cheap wine, champagne and brandy from local grapes.

The fact that we had so little Polish wine on the trip was probably due to the fact that it was rather a means for "cozy fellowship" than the "good drop" also enjoyed at home alone. On the other hand, there was no lack of comfort. It was usually found in cellar restaurants. In Poland, you can find village vaults. This is probably due to the glorious periods of Polish history, in which the country was occupied, and almost the entire society went underground to start an uprising. Hardly liberated and reduced to its own nationality, Polish society threatened with despair.

At the bottom of the bottles and on the bottle itself, there was information about the manufacturer of the bottle, the volume in the bucket system was indicated 1/20, 1/30, 1/40, information about the manufacturer with a note that the shape of the bottle was declared to the Ministry of Finance, as far as is known, corks were ceramic, lead, brass, and cork with inscriptions and stamps.

Underground restaurants and clubs seem like a kind of counter-poison. The vodka we visited after the wine tour in Zielona Góra was a wine factory. The label disappeared from the quote from Mekivich, and his portrait was exchanged with that of a stranger. We went to Poznan, the capital of the Wielkopolska province. On the way, we went to one of the many small factories scattered throughout the country. The production manager showed us the production process.

Between the separate containers and pumps for biological and physical processes were potted plants that seemed to be lovingly maintained and could be well tolerated in the production areas. They tend to prefer large farms to make them more competitive. At the same time, they are expected to lead to the loss of about half of the Polish smallholders. The sole buyer of the distillery, the oldest vodka in Poznań, Wiborowa, belongs to French alcohol producer Perno Ricard.

Beer bottles of the Russian Empire.

For lunch, in a restaurant in the market square of the old town, we drank a special malt and hop beer. With a restaurant consumption of 000 liters per year, one can still afford it, Brameister said, and then damned in the "shit camp" of large breweries, which would allow beer to be standardized to the end.

One of the most modern in the world, we also visited the Lech Brewery. Old brewery Lech in the center of Poznań today is a shopping center considered "the most beautiful in the world". The new brewery on the outskirts of the city is now producing more beer than ever before, namely 600 million liters per year, which should remain "stable" for six months. The processing process was explained to us by a young woman who belongs to a group of academically trained breeders.

Damask or mug Russian measure of liquids = 1/10 bucket = 10 cups = 2 vodka bottles. A cup = 1/100 of a bucket and is divided into 2 scales (half-charks), it was used, as a rule, when measuring the amount of wine and vodka drinks.

While water used to be drunk in Poland, she tells us that now you are consuming more and more beer. It is still not known whether and what effect alcohol has on Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. However, there is a Swiss study that does not cover this issue very well. More than 500 people with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis participated in the study. However, people with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have partly changed their drinking habits to match their diagnosis: around the third drink, there is less alcohol and 6% give to it.

Wine measures of the volume of liquids in the Russian Empire according to Magnitsky Arithmetic:

1 barrel = 40 buckets ≈ 491.976 liters (491.96 liters).
1 pot = 2 buckets (about 25 liters).
1 bucket \u003d 4 quarters of a bucket \u003d 10 shtofs \u003d 1/40 barrels ≈ 12.29941 liters (for 1902).
1 quarter (bucket) = 1 garnets = 2.5 shtof = 4 wine bottles = 5 vodka bottles ≈ 3.0748 liters.
1 garnet \u003d 1/4 bucket \u003d 12 glasses.
1 damask (mug) = 3 pounds clean water\u003d 1/10 buckets \u003d 2 vodka bottles \u003d 10 cups \u003d 20 scales ≈ 1.2299 liters (1.2285 liters).
1 wine bottle = 1/16 bucket = 1/4 garnets = 3 glasses ≈ 0.68; 0.77 l; 0.7687 l.
1 vodka (beer) bottle = 1/20 bucket = 5 cups ≈ 0.615; 0.60 l.
1 bottle = 3/40 of a bucket (Decree of September 16, 1744).
1 spinner = 1/40 bucket = 1/4 mug = 1/4 damask = 1/2 half damask = 1/2 vodka bottle = 5 scales ≈ 0.307475 l.
1 glass ≈ 0.273 l.
1 quart = 1/50 bucket ≈ 245.98 ml.
1 cup = 1/100 bucket = 2 scales ≈ 122.99 ml.
1 scale = 1/200 bucket ≈ 61.5 ml.

In one-third of study participants, diarrhea worsened with alcohol. 15% noticed that abdominal pain and flatulence became worse. Whether complaints began to drink more often, whether there was Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Beer, wine, or long bite: The type of alcoholic drink played no role in the adverse effects of alcohol.

Moral of the story: A general ban on alcohol for anyone with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis should not be expressed. Rather, you must develop a conscious attitude towards use. Once in a while, alcohol isn't a problem - if it gets you through. Then you can decide, for example, if you have a party or a social meeting or something to drink or rather, a whole lot. If you are allergic to it, take it as soon as you can.

No alcohol is also a vice

"Oh let's go, just a beer" or "not guys" - have you heard such statements if you ordered something without alcohol? Don't let it upset you, even if it's annoying. Just say it's not tasty or you still need to drive. No alcohol means you stand with a water glass all the time. With non-alcoholic beer, fruity lemonade or trendy barrel brewing, there are plenty of alternatives - depending on what you're wearing.

Anyone who travels to Russia will not be able to drink anything alcoholic on land with Russians. How to do this without waking up the next morning with a cat and a terrible headache, you will see the following lines. Questions such as "Where is my watch?" And “Who is this person who is next to me?” Should belong to the past.

A measure of the capacity of liquids:

scale = buckets = 1⁄200; Liters = 0.0615.
cup (2 scales) = buckets = 1⁄100; Liters = 0.123.
vodka bottle (5 cups) = buckets = 1⁄20; Liters = 0.614962.
wine bottle = buckets = 1⁄16; Liters = 0.7687.
damask (2 vodka bottles) = buckets = 1⁄10; Liters = 1.2299.
quarter (4 wine bottles or 5 vodka bottles) = - buckets = 1⁄4; Liters = 3.0748.
bucket (4 quarters) = buckets =1; Liters=12.29941
barrel (40 buckets) = buckets = 40; Liters = 491.976

Russian vodka in the Russian Empire was called " Table wine”, “Russian Good”, “Bread Wine”, “Purified Wine”, “Caraway”, “Krambambulevaya” (on honey), Pyotr Smirnov, Nikolai Shustov had a fairly wide range (about 90 varieties), their drinks were considered the standard among alcohol variety, like V.A. Stritter, Beckman or other well-known Russian vodka producers, however, in addition to perhaps the most famous (mentioned), there were other producers of alcoholic beverages throughout the territory of the Russian Empire, in all provinces of the vast Russian Empire.

It is worth noting that the fourth wine monopoly (state sale of drinks) was introduced by Finance Minister Sergei Witte in 1894, but was fully operational from 1906 to 1913. The wine monopoly extended to the purification of alcohol and the sale of strong liquor. Distilleries could be owned by private entrepreneurs, but the alcohol they produced was bought by the treasury, refined in state warehouses and sold in state wine shops. In 1913, the total revenue from the wine monopoly amounted to 26 percent of Russian budget revenues. The monopoly extended only to vodka; all other alcoholic beverages were produced and sold freely, but were subject to excise tax (import - plus import customs duty). Monopoly prices for vodka were well matched with excise and duty rates; the mass poorest consumer was satisfied with state-owned vodka, vodka and beer in a state-owned wine shop cost at least 6 kopecks and more, the price largely depended on the quality, purification and type of alcoholic beverage, prices for inexpensive (cheap) wine ranged from 5 kopecks and more. A wealthy consumer preferred all other drinks in free sale. With the outbreak of the First World War, the sale of alcoholic beverages was banned.

The Russian Empire controls excise stamps for alcohol.

A small list of well-known companies of the Russian Empire:

Wine and Vodka Company P.A. Smirnova, N.L. Shustov with S-yami, "Joint-stock company A. Wolfshmidt", Peresazhsky (Chernigov province) distillation plant E.A. Sluchevskoy, V.A. Streeter, D.Z. Saradzhev (alcohol, cognac, bread wine, liqueurs, liqueurs), heirs of I.V. Alexandrova, N.A. Tereshchenko, Countess A.D. Stroganova, N.N. Evreinov, V.P. Kalashnikov, Distillery E.G. Makhotina, F. Enni Brewery (Odessa), Vodka Company "Beckman and Co", partnership br. Mamontovs, Severyanin brewery, Kalinkin brewery, replenishment - commercial lead seal of the K. Machleid brewery in Warsaw, beer from Grobman's Knyshin plant, beer or mineral bottle from the Golden Fleece plant, Efremenkov Smolensk pubs and associations of the Kyiv brewery, Heinrich's beer bottle Pulse, Pernov, ACC. GENERAL ODESSA BAVARIA ODESSA, Shabolovsky KG and Co, Zemlyansky brewery Moscow, beer bottle K.O. Shitt, Zemlyansky brewery BRANITSKAGO IN M. WHITE TSERKVI, joint-stock company p./z. "Waldschleschen", office of the Papirmeister and Pupko breweries with the common name "Bavaria", Ilgetsemsky brewery, joint-stock company p./z. “Waldschleschen, joint-stock company Aldaris, Prince Vyazemsky’s Distillery, the Association of the Foundry Vodka Plant and the Beckman and Co. vodka plant, the State Sale of Drinks, the Kronshtansky Vodka Distillery, the Schuster Cognac Distillery, and others not mentioned in this list.

At the moment, pre-revolutionary rare bottles with labels are all the property that we have left from Russian production spirits of the Russian Empire, today they can be found in a few museums, antique shops, and at auctions or with rarity collectors.

Instruction

In order to open an alcohol retail outlet, you must have an LLC or CJSC, because. Since 2006, the retail sale of alcoholic beverages has been carried out only by organizations. Create a legal entity and register it with the IFTS at the place of residence. Buy a cash register and also register it with the tax office.

Decide on the shape and type of your future store. What do you want to open: a small store or a large one shopping center, self-service shop or trade will be carried out through the counter. And perhaps the most important issue is the location of the store. A win-win- a relatively small store in a residential area. Select the appropriate retail space.

So, the premises have been selected, the cash register has been bought and registered with the Federal Tax Service, a bank account has been opened. The next step is the preparation of a package of documents. You will need: - a certificate of ownership of the premises or a lease agreement;
- make a copy of your premises intended for sale from the master plan of the assignment wine and vodka products;
- conclude an agreement with public utilities for the removal of household waste;
- conclude an agreement with the disinfection service for the treatment of the premises from rodents and insects.

So, you need to use a corkscrew like this. Take a bottle and remove excess wrappers from the neck. Then drive the tip of the corkscrew spiral a little into the cork. Now grab the handle of the corkscrew and start screwing it into the cork in a circular motion. It is recommended to screw the corkscrew in until the end of it appears on the other side of the cork. If you don't screw the corkscrew in enough, there is a possibility that the cork will crumble and not come out all the way. When the corkscrew is screwed in, start pulling it out by the handle. Today there are a lot of ingenious devices that help to get the cork using a system of levers. With such a corkscrew, it will be easy to open a bottle, but not as exciting and difficult as with a regular corkscrew.

If you don’t have a corkscrew at hand, but you need to open the wine, then there are a couple of ways. The first and easiest is to push the cork inside the bottle. Of course, this is ignorant and against the rules, but when there is no other option, this one will do. To carry out such an operation, you need a long wrench or screwdriver. The bottle must be firmly fixed, preferably between the feet. Then press down on the cork - just the cork. Standing over the bottle, you will be able to act on the cork with all your weight. Remember, the pressure should be gradual and even. When the cork gives in, things will go faster, but this does not mean that you need to push harder. The second option requires some skill and the availability of tools. You will need a screw, screwdriver and pliers. These things will help open the wine in the same way as a corkscrew. You need to screw the self-tapping screw into the cork and get it out with pliers. It is important that the self-tapping screw is not small, otherwise you will only get a piece of cork.

Good luck drinking wine and having a good time in the company of dark glass bottles.