Wine and vodka products. How to open a wine and vodka store: tips
A curious thing is the deleted gap in the history of industry and production in the Russian Empire, the same deleted gap that was erased by the new Soviet power that came as a result of the revolutionary coup in October 1917, everyone knows the facts that subsequently the entire property of the Russian Empire and its citizens was Soviet power appropriated it for free, that is, nationalized it, however, I’m not talking about that now, since I’m ahead of events.
In this article we will mention the domestic production of alcoholic beverages in the Russian Empire, which is interesting historical fact, What alcohol production in the issue represented well-known domestic Russian brands throughout Europe and the world, actively participated in international exhibitions, and exhibited domestic products to a wide international public: grape and bread vodka, wines, cognacs, liqueurs, liqueurs, beer and other alcoholic drinks, won at international exhibitions first and second places.
There are also differences in calorie content, but most of these are the result of alcohol. The main concern about alcohol consumption is not with the alcohol itself, but with combinations containing many calories, such as cola, syrups, which can double the number of calories.
So what do we choose? If you choose your drink based on calories, you'll choose a beer, an ice-cold scotch, or a glass of dry wine. But in reality, the relatively small differences in calories in most types of alcohol are not worth special attention. The most important dietary decision for a person when they get to a bar is the consumption of one glass, be it wine, beer or liquor.
At the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, the products of Russian wineries took first and second places at international exhibitions in Paris, Madrid, Liverpool, Brussels, Turin, Antwerp, Rome and at domestic exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev, Chisinau, Nizhny Novgorod, the most curious thing is that many domestic drinks received Grand Prix, gold and silver medals, honorary diplomas, which were subsequently placed on the labels, the products were very popular among the local population, and were also popular among foreign consumers , the goods were exported to a number of European countries, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, the Middle East, and other countries.
Agony of the Soviet Empire; about drunkenness in front of Russians
Russian intelligence has always been obsessed with three cardinal problems: what is going on? who is the culprit? what to do.
All three became terribly acute due to alcoholism
Alcohol production and consumption dropped to almost zero. The ban has been in effect for 11 years. During the war, alcohol production decreased significantly. Main cities of Siberia. A complete collapse began: they drank children and women and drank absolutely everything. Basically, every sixth person. Who can destroy the Soviets? The state will collapse and will not be able to function. The results of 25 years of insane drinking: the degeneration of the population and, above all, the Russians. Among Russians, drunkenness is becoming a national disaster. With less serious defects - 53 percent of newborns. Total: 15.5% of newborns were abnormal, that is, every fifth child. These abnormal children are not born into families of alcoholics, they come from the world of parents who drink “normal”. Statistical examples from Leningrad. The Volgograd region has 18 schools, the city of Donetsk has 38, and 2 schools have already been opened in Akedemgorodok in Novosibirsk. The biggest tragedy in the history of nations. This is how 13 atomic bombs in innocent form - beer, wine, alcohol, vodka are thrown over our heads every year.This means that alcohol production has increased approximately 8 times over 40 years.
Alcoholics live 17 years less than those who abstain. Academician Uglov's version: Since ancient times, alcohol consumption has been focused on lies. When people find the truth, let them drink. Just like others: marijuana, heroin, hashish. But we sell it for food. There is no component of the human body that is not vulnerable. But the drug toxin accumulates in the brain. More than 35% of alcohol consumed is stored by nerve cells. This is what we have in the gray matter! The amount of fluids consumed and the strength, degrees, affect memory. The cerebral cortex, which provides thinking processes, where human memory, creativity, morality is stored, suffers enormous, irreparable damage. Even moderate drinkers have certain mutations in the brain. This is an autopsy of the dead in accidents. Doctors wonder how a person could live with such a brain. Teaching your people to drink is stealing your mind.
For example, at the World Exhibition in Paris, the highest awards (Grand Prix) were awarded to: “Government sale of drinks”, Peresazhsky (Chernigov province) rectification plant E.A. Sluchevskaya, “Partnership of N.L. Shustov with S-s”, “Joint-stock company of A. Wolfschmidt”, gold medals were awarded to V.A. Shtriter, (vodka, liqueurs, liqueurs), D.Z. Saradzhev (alcohol, cognac, bread wine, liqueurs, liqueurs), heirs of I.V. Alexandrova, N.A. Tereshchenko, Countess A.D. Stroganova, N.N. Evreinov, V.P. Kalashnikov, P.A. Smirnov, Beckman.
Mentality, stereotype - “Russians are drunkards”; “There is a tradition of Russian drunkenness.” They got drunk after twenty years. Since the time of Peter the Great, the people of the people have been against forced alcoholism. The theory of the economic advantage of alcohol sales is incorrect. This shit is in our square heads. This is about 40 billion rubles associated with vodka. Thus, there are no economic advantages.
There is a strict distribution mechanism between drinkers and non-drinkers. There is a redistribution of national wealth among drinkers and non-citizens belonging to different nationalities. Another sad statistic: 90% of the worst crimes are alcohol related. In Akademgorodok there were orphanages with 115 unfortunate children and only three with deceased parents. The parents of the other 112 children were deprived of parental rights due to alcoholism. 40 years have passed since the end of the war, but shelters have grown like mushrooms.
Some of Russian manufacturers vodka and others strong drinks received the high title of Supplier of His Imperial Majesty, these manufacturers could depict the State Emblem of Russia - the Double-Headed Eagle - on their labels and bottles.
Bottles of wine, vodka, cognac, and beer products of the Russian Empire differed in their design work (the shape of a standing naked woman, the shape of bears, fish, a gymnast, a poodle sitting on its hind legs, a peasant with a balalaika, in the form of busts of Pushkin, Turgenev, Princess Olga, General Skobelev or in the form Eiffel Tower etc.), glass of various colors, and various capacities, sometimes the view original bottles The Russian Empire amazes the imagination of our contemporaries, since the appearance and color of the design is artistically very unusual, as are the labels that were designed by famous Russian artists of that time, now the labels are considered unique antiques, and a stylish rarity, an example of applied art, now a rare bottle in The image of a peasant with a balalaika is a very rare specimen among collectors and is worth considerable financial resources.
More than 111,000 peasants were punished for participating in uprisings against those who imposed their drink
The biggest lie about alcohol is misinformation about alcoholism. Who knows that in the Middle Ages there were uprisings: Russians protested against those who forced the peasants to drink. Those who produced and delivered the drinks were usually foreigners. At the beginning of the century, the Bolsheviks and Lenin were at the forefront anti-alcohol campaign. Their deputies initiated debates in the State Duma with all the resistance of the bourgeoisie, the law was adopted. Interestingly, this law is not in the Russian Code of Laws. The local government, however, had the right to ban drinks, close wine and vodka shops.
Bone glass, bear made at the Misheron plant.
A copy of such a bottle is available at the local history museum in Luka, where A. Linkfeld’s plant was located in Tarkovichi.
The Bolsheviks, having seized power, turned the ban into state law: 5 years in prison, one year of forced labor for intoxication in public places. Everyone knows that Boltsevich’s first decree was the “decree on peace”, the second was the “decree on land”. The Irony of Fate! Did the “revolution” take place during the most dangerous period? Russian history? People were “clear in the head.” What did they do with drinks in Petrograd? The Bolsheviks decided to destroy them. Although they were in an unprecedented economic crisis. They can strengthen their budget by supplying the market a large number of alcohol. However, after Lenin's death anti-alcohol law was cancelled.
A bottle in the shape of a Balalaika player made of white bone glass can be seen in the exhibition of the Yegoryevsk Art Museum. Such a transparent glass bottle is available on the Hermitage website.
A bottle in the shape of a crucian fish for vodka from the Northern Partnership of Peter Smirnov.
A dictum imposed by the Trotskyists: either borrow from the capitalists, or make money from vodka and other drinks. The lesser of two evils was chosen, propagandists say, mentioning that Stalin promised to give up alcohol again when he received funds to develop the industry.
In Tsarist Russia, about 43% of men experienced withdrawal symptoms
But it was found that propagandists prove that alcohol is not so bad. Those who demanded that the enemies of the people be shot because they beat him were suspended from time to time, silenced. The biggest lie: If it is a moderate drink, if it is a “cultured” beer, nothing happens, because only drunkards and alcoholics become those who do not know how to drink. To make the world drink alcohol, you need to make children try drugs, because over 15 years, 60% become drunkards and alcoholics. “Civilized alcohol consumption” is a phrase as meaningless as “civilized drug.” These slogans and suggestions for moderate consumption of alcohol led to a lack of clear-cut people in the entire country. When women start drinking, it's all over. Complete degeneration and disappearance as a nation. This is what they did to the indigenous peoples in America. They were invincible, and then the European conquistadors, the great-grandsons of today's democrats, launched the drinks. Indigenous men, men and women, began to drink. Within a generation there was nothing left of them. Some memories grew in reservations. I wonder what thinning mechanisms Trajan's cohorts employed to make the Dacians disappear so quickly? But now, in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova, alcoholism is rampant, especially in rural areas. Conclusion: Did our ancestors and our ancestors know that it was bad for women to drink alcohol? Young people should not drink until they have children, healthy offspring. Researchers' data: 90% of men and 38% of women who drink alcohol damage their health and damage their brain. A third of these alcoholics started drinking within 10 years. It shows that trade union conferences are being held in the country aimed at preventing infantile alcoholism.
Produced at the factories of the Kosterev Brothers.
Clear glass bottle depicting a hand holding a dagger.
Meanwhile, the Soviets are talking about the fight against drunkenness
Drug centers for teenagers have already been opened in Moscow and Leningrad. Who's wrong? how many people are researching the problem? What has happened over the past 30 years has some consonance with Hitler's proposal: “No slave hygiene, no vaccine - just vodka and tobacco.” They weighed it and decided that they had no chance in direct confrontation. Better from the inside, through vodka, tobacco and a diaper. The battle against drinking is an illusion: 90% of those who are treated after one year of relapse, and 10% over the next three to four years.
Finally, the last sacramental question: what to do? The answer is simple: good afternoon: we'll be drunk
Existence is a terrible vice of humanity. Any vice seeks moral justification. But who wants his son or daughter to become an alcoholic? If we don't do anything, 60% of our children will become alcoholics. But re-education can only work if you start with your own family and your family. It is absurd to tell a child that vodka and tobacco are dangerous if mom and dad smoke and drink. It is naive to believe that his boy or girl will be smarter. We drink, but will they cause withdrawal symptoms?Fragment from “Mircea Druk” or the fight against the last empire of Viorel Patrice
Experimental cardiology: review.
Clear glass bottle, bust of A.S. Pushkin.
Experimental evidence of the cardioprotective effect of red wine
Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Both epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that consumption of wine, especially red wine, in moderation protects cardiovascular system; however, the experimental basis for this action is not fully understood. Since all types of red wine contain varying amounts of alcohol and antioxidants, it is likely that the cardioprotective effects of red wine are due to both of these components.
At the bottom of the bottles and on the bottle itself there was information about the manufacturer of the bottle, the volume in the bucket system 1/20, 1/30, 1/40 was indicated, information about the manufacturer with a note that the shape of the bottle was declared to the Ministry of Finance, as far as is known, corks there were ceramic, lead, brass, and cork with inscriptions and stamps.
Because of its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells, alcohol may cause coronary vasodilation in addition to attenuating oxidative stress through its action on the central nervous system. nervous system. The antioxidant components of red wine may provide cardioprotection through their ability to reduce oxidative stress in the heart under various pathological conditions. Moderate to moderate consumption of red wine improves cardiac function in ischemic myocardium through protection of endothelial function, expression of several cardioprotective oxidative stress-inducible proteins, and activation of adenosine receptor and nitrous oxide synthase pathways.
Beer bottles of the Russian Empire.
Damask or mug Russian measure of liquids = 1/10 of a bucket = 10 glasses = 2 vodka bottles. A glass = 1/100 of a bucket and is divided into 2 scales (half-glasses), used, as a rule, when measuring the amount of wine and vodka drinks.
Wine measures of the volume of liquids in the Russian Empire according to Magnitsky Arithmetic:
1 barrel = 40 buckets ≈ 491.976 l (491.96 l).
1 pot = 2 buckets (about 25 l.).
1 bucket = 4 quarters of a bucket = 10 damasks = 1/40 of a barrel ≈ 12.29941 l (as of 1902).
1 quarter (buckets) = 1 garnets = 2.5 shtofas = 4 wine bottles = 5 vodka bottles ≈ 3.0748 l.
1 garnet = 1/4 bucket = 12 glasses.
1 damask (mug) = 3 pounds clean water= 1/10 bucket = 2 vodka bottles = 10 glasses = 20 scales ≈ 1.2299 l (1.2285 l).
1 wine bottle = 1/16 of a bucket = 1/4 of a garnet = 3 glasses ≈ 0.68; 0.77 l; 0.7687 l.
1 vodka (beer) bottle = 1/20 of a bucket = 5 glasses ≈ 0.615; 0.60 l.
1 bottle = 3/40 of a bucket (Decree of September 16, 1744).
1 scythe = 1/40 of a bucket = 1/4 of a mug = 1/4 of a damask = 1/2 of a half-damask = 1/2 of a vodka bottle = 5 scales ≈ 0.307475 l.
1 glass ≈ 0.273 l.
1 piece = 1/50 of a bucket ≈ 245.98 ml.
1 glass = 1/100 of a bucket = 2 scales ≈ 122.99 ml.
1 scale = 1/200 of a bucket ≈ 61.5 ml.
Liquid capacity measure:
scale = buckets = 1⁄200; Liters = 0.0615.
glass (2 scales) = buckets = 1⁄100; Liters = 0.123.
vodka bottle (5 glasses) = buckets = 1⁄20; Liters = 0.614962.
wine bottle = buckets =1⁄16; Liters = 0.7687.
shtof (2 vodka bottles) = buckets = 1⁄10; Liters = 1.2299.
quarter (4 wine bottles or 5 vodka bottles) = - buckets = 1⁄4; Liters = 3.0748.
bucket(4 quarters) = buckets =1; Liters=12.29941
barrel (40 buckets) = buckets = 40; Liters =491.976
Russian vodka in the Russian Empire was called " Table wine", "Russian Good", "Bread Wine", "Clarified Wine", "Caraway", "Krambambulevaya" (with honey), Pyotr Smirnov, Nikolai Shustov had a fairly wide range (about 90 varieties), their drinks were considered the standard among alcoholic variety, like V.A. Shtriter, Beckman or other famous Russian vodka producers, however, in addition to perhaps the most famous (mentioned), there were other producers of alcoholic beverages throughout the territory of the Russian Empire, in all provinces of the vast Russian Empire.
It is worth noting that the fourth wine monopoly (state sale of drinks) was introduced by Finance Minister Sergei Witte in 1894, but was fully operational from 1906 to 1913. The wine monopoly extended to the purification of alcohol and trade in spirits. Distilleries could be owned by private entrepreneurs, but the alcohol they produced was bought by the treasury, purified in state warehouses and sold in state wine shops. In 1913, total revenue from the wine monopoly amounted to 26 percent of Russian budget revenues. The monopoly extended only to vodka; all other alcoholic drinks were produced and sold freely, but were subject to excise tax (imported ones - plus import customs duty). Monopoly prices for vodka were well coordinated with excise and duty rates; the poor mass consumer was satisfied with state-owned vodka, vodka and beer in a state-owned wine shop cost a minimum of 6 kopecks and more, the price largely depended on the quality, purity and type of alcoholic drink, prices for inexpensive (cheap) wine ranged from 5 kopecks and above. The wealthy consumer preferred all other freely available drinks. With the outbreak of World War I, the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited.
The Russian Empire controls excise tax stamps on alcohol.
A small list of famous companies of the Russian Empire:
Wine and vodka company P.A. Smirnova, Partnership N.L. Shustov and S., “Joint Stock Company A. Wolfshmidt”, Peresazhsky (Chernigov province) rectification plant E.A. Sluchevskoy, V.A. Strieter, D.Z. Saradzhev (alcohol, cognac, bread wine, liqueurs, liqueurs), heirs of I.V. Alexandrova, N.A. Tereshchenko, Countess A.D. Stroganova, N.N. Evreinov, V.P. Kalashnikov, Distillery E.G. Makhotina, F. Yenni Brewery (Odessa), Vodka company "Beckman and Co", partnership br. Mamontovs, Severyanin brewery, Kalinkin beer and meadery plant, replenishment - commercial lead seal of the K. Machleid brewery in Warsaw, beer of the Knyszyn Grobman plant, beer or mineral bottle of the Golden Fleece plant, Efremenkov beer Smolensk and partnerships of the Kyiv brewery, Heinrich beer bottle Pulsa, Pernov, AKTs. GEN ODESSA BAVARIA ODESSA, Shabolovsky KG and Co., Zemlyansky Brewery Moscow, beer bottle K.O. Schitt, Zemlyansky Brewery BREWER, STEAM PLANT OF GRAF V.V. BRANITKAGO V. M. WHITE CHURCH, joint-stock company p./z. "Waldschleschen", office of the Papirmeister and Pupko breweries with the general name "Bavaria", Ilgetsemsky brewery, joint stock company p./z. “Waldshleschen, joint stock company Aldaris, Distillery of Prince Vyazemsky, associations of the Foundry Vodka Factory and the Beckman and Co. Vodka Factory, State Sale of Drinks, Kronshtansky Vodka Factory, Shuster Cognac Factory, and others not mentioned in this list.
At the moment, pre-revolutionary rare copies of bottles with labels are all the property that we have left from the Russian production of alcoholic beverages of the Russian Empire; today they can be found in a few museums, antique stores, and at auctions or from collectors of rarities.
WINE - VODKA PRODUCTS - a group of drinks that includes grape wines, champagne, fruit and berry wines, cider, vodka, cognacs, liqueurs, tinctures, liqueurs and rectified drinking alcohol. All wine and vodka products are sold in bottles, with the exception of a small part (5-10%) of grape and fruit wine, which is supplied to the retail chain in barrels and sold by the glass.
Wholesale trade of wine and vodka products . Supplies to trading organizations of wine and vodka products carried out by non-domestic enterprises of the Ministry of Industry food products USSR directly on the basis of plans approved by the USSR Ministry of Trade. The procedure and timing of delivery of these products are regulated by the basic conditions for the supply of vodka, vodka products and wine, approved by the USSR Ministry of Trade and the Ministry Food Industry USSR and put into effect on January 1, 1952. In accordance with the funds allocated quarterly by local bodies of the USSR Ministry of Trade to trading organizations, the latter enter into direct supply contracts directly with enterprises and industrial bases. Implementation plans are established: for vodka and vodka products in general, and for wine separately - grape wine, fruit wine, cognac, champagne. The expanded range of supply of these products is determined in direct contracts. Delivery of wine and vodka products to trading organizations can be carried out either from the supplier’s warehouses or through transit delivery by rail, waterway and road transport. During the cold season, wine is shipped in insulated carriages and accompanied by conductors at the supplier’s expense. The cargo of vodka and vodka products is accompanied by the supplier's conductor in the case when it is loaded into open cars. At the request of buyers, factories and supplier bases are required to ship liquor and wine in small quantities. At least six boxes of alcoholic beverages can be shipped to one recipient in small quantities, including at least one box of each item; for grape and fruit and berry wines in bottles - five boxes, for cognac - two boxes, for wine in barrels - one barrel. The supplier is responsible for maintaining the quality of wine products in the retail chain (subject to storage rules).
Shelf life of the quality of wine products in the retail chain
If the wine becomes cloudy within the specified period, the supplier is obliged to process or replace these products at his own expense.
Wine and vodka products are sold to trading organizations in supplier containers. For bottles, barrels and inventory wooden boxes, the supplier is paid the established deposit amounts. Bottles, barrels and inventory boxes are subject to mandatory return to suppliers in the manner, within the time frame and in quantities stipulated in contracts, basic delivery conditions and special agreements. Non-inventory wooden boxes are handed over to Glavlesstroytorg bases by trading organizations in accordance with the established procedure. Only trading organizations in the Far North and equivalent individual regions are exempt from the mandatory return of containers and glassware to suppliers. Bottles of wine are packed in boxes. A box usually holds an average of 30 bottles of 0.5 liters each, i.e. 15 liters. In pantries, four boxes per tier are installed per 1 m2; with a height of five tiers, 20 boxes are placed, i.e. from 300 liters to 30 dcl of wine. To accommodate one car of wine, including aisles, 25 m2 is required. In one railway station The carriage holds 300 boxes of 15 liters each, i.e. 450 dcl of wine.
Retail trade of wine and vodka products . TO retail trade The following alcoholic drinks are allowed: vodka (40°, 50° and 56°), cognac, alcoholic beverages (liqueurs, liqueurs, liqueurs), grape and fruit wines and champagne. The sale of rectified drinking alcohol to the population is prohibited, with the exception of certain regions of the Far North and specially designated remote areas. Sale of alcoholic beveragesTakeaway produced in grocery stores, tents and kiosks in bottles. Grape and fruit wine from barrels is sold for takeaway in bottling - in the buyer’s container. The sale of vodka, liqueurs, grape and fruit wines from the remote buffets and distribution network is carried out only in bottles.Drinking wine and vodka products are sold in enterprises Catering- in canteens, restaurants, tea houses, snack bars, dumpling shops, sausage shops, kebab shops, beer halls, tents, from steam table carts and from baskets. Barrel (draft) grape and fruit and berry wines are sold in drinking stores and in specialized wine and wine and tobacco stores.
The right to sell alcoholic beverages requires a permit issued by the city (district) trade department in a specially established form. Permission is issued for the sale of alcoholic beverages from tents, stalls, kiosks and buffets only in cases where there are no suitable stores nearby. The following restrictions have been established for the sale of alcoholic beverages: the sale of these drinks near factories, factories, educational institutions, child care institutions, schools, vocational schools, hospitals, clubs and other cultural institutions is not allowed; the sale of vodka and vodka products for drinking and takeaway in canteens and buffets at enterprises and institutions, in stalls and kiosks on station squares, as well as in beer halls is prohibited; sale of vodka products on the railway transport is prohibited (drinking and take-away) in compartment buffets, kiosks, tents, pavilions, from portable tables, food warmers, shopping carts, in delivery to carriages and in most linear buffets. Sales are permitted only in line restaurants and dining cars that sell hot dishes. The sale of alcoholic beverages to minors and persons in a state of intoxication is strictly prohibited. Collective farms, collective farmers and individual peasants can sell grape and fruit wines only from their own production.
Alcoholic drinks in the retail chain are stored in dry, well-ventilated, cool rooms at a temperature of 5 to 14°, and grape wines and champagne at a temperature of 8 to 16°. No pungent-smelling goods (herring, soap, kerosene, etc.) should be placed in rooms designated for storing drinks. In storerooms, boxes with vodka and alcoholic beverages are stacked, other alcoholic drinks, bottled, are on the shelves, drafts are in barrels. Bottles of grape and fruit wines are stored in storerooms and in the sales area in a lying position to prevent the cork from drying out and air entering the bottle, which would lead to spoilage of the wine. Bottles of wine displayed in display cases, cabinets, and counters are placed in a vertical position, with labels facing the buyer. These bottles are replaced at least once a week. Labels are attached to bottles exhibited as samples indicating the name of the drink, its strength, bottle capacity and price, including the cost of glassware. Bottles of Soviet champagne displayed in the store are placed with the neck down or inclined so that the liquid washes the inside of the cork.
When accepting drinks into the store and when releasing them from the store to the buyer, sellers are required to check the condition of the closure and make sure there are no defects recognizable by external signs(turbidity, foreign substances, etc.), check the level of contents in the bottle, the presence of all established details on the printed label, such as: name of the drink, name of the organization and manufacturer and its trademark, strength of the drink (for vodka, liqueurs, cognacs), container capacity, year of harvest (for aged grape wines), the date of bottling. The sale of alcoholic beverages by the glass is also regulated special rules, providing for the accuracy of the released measure, sanitary conditions holidays and the quality of the drink sold.
