Download research paper walnuts. Selection and cultivation of walnuts

Relevance of the study: An old cedar tree grows next to our dacha. He's probably many years old. The branches are spreading. The tree bark is all cracked. My dad and I saw a lot of cones on the cedar tree. We collected those that had fallen and in the evening our whole family happily gnawed on the nuts.

I was wondering if these nuts have any benefits?

Project goals:

• learn as much as possible about cedar and pine nuts;
• find out the meaning of pine nuts in human life;
• find out why they are called “miracle nuts”?

Tasks:

1) collect information and expand knowledge about the characteristics of cedar;

2) learn about the nutritional and medicinal properties of pine nuts;

3) study how people use pine nuts in cosmetology and cooking.

Object of study: pine nut.

Item: properties and uses of nuts.

Research methods: turning to Internet sources, books, searching for recipes with pine nuts, surveying classmates

Work plan:

1. Find out where the name of this tree came from?

2. Learn about the extraordinary properties of cedar.

3. Find out where pine nuts are used.

4. Prepare a dish with pine nuts.

5. Conduct a survey in class.

6. Project defense (presentation).

Progress of the study:

1. Having studied history, I learned that the tree was called Siberian cedar because it resembled the sacred cedar of Lebanon, which people already knew about.

2. I learned that cedar is valued not only for its beauty, but also for pine nuts and oil from them, for beautiful wood, for resin, pine needles and even for nut shells, which are widely used in folk medicine.

Pine nut air is very healing; pine nut kernels contain a lot of microelements and vitamins.

Conclusion: Pine nuts should always be in the diet of children and adolescents. They have a beneficial effect on the physical and mental development of the child. Very useful and necessary during the period of changing baby teeth.

3. I learned that pine nuts are used in folk medicine.

I concluded that eating pine nuts increases the body’s defenses and strengthens the immune system.

Being a natural food product, cedar oil has no contraindications for consumption and use, both for food and for medicinal and prophylactic purposes.

4. I also found many more different dishes with the addition of pine nuts, which I will definitely try to cook myself and recommend it to you. At home I tried to prepare the dish “Chicken legs with pine nuts”.

5. During class, I decided to find out if the guys in our class knew about cedar? For this purpose I compiled a questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire can be found in detail in the appendix.

6. The defense of the project is reflected in the presentation.

Conclusion: While working on the topic, I used various sources, from which I learned a lot of interesting things about the Siberian pine pine, about the benefits of pine nuts, and came to the conclusion that nature itself gives us a unique supply of vitamins in the form of pine nuts for free, that we, the residents of this region, are lucky, that such miraculous plants grow next to us. Take it and use it! You just need to do it correctly and wisely.

Download books about treating and cleansing the body with various types of nuts

Description: Everything in a walnut is beneficial for humans - the fruit, the peel, and the leaves. So, in terms of vitamin and mineral composition, it is much superior to both citrus fruits and black currants, which determines its high medicinal properties.
This book tells how to heal the body with the help of this extraordinary plant.

Download from turbobit.net (2.1MB)
Download from depositfiles.com (2.1MB)

Description: Nuts have always occupied an important place in human nutrition. The book gives a detailed description of the known varieties of nuts, their characteristics, as well as recipes that reveal their taste and healing properties.

Download from turbobit.net (6.45 MB)
Download from depositfiles.com (6.45 MB)

Author: Garbuzov G.A.
Publisher: Peter
Year: 2005
ISBN: 5-469-01088-0
Series: Path to health
Number of pages: 128
Format: djvu
Size: 26.67MB
Language: Russian

Description: Gennady Alekseevich Garbuzov is a famous healer from Sochi, a longtime follower of B.V. Bolotov, the author of about 100 popular science articles and books. His new book was the fruit of long-term research work studying the anti-cancer and other medicinal properties of black walnut and the creation of drugs based on it.

Black walnut is a plant that has truly unique healing properties. It has now been proven to be one of the most powerful natural antibiotics. The scientist will also talk about the medicinal properties of walnuts, pine and other nuts, which have long proven themselves as a means of getting rid of many ailments.

In the book you will find unique material presented by a scientist-healer, and you will learn about the results of treatment using the author’s methodology first-hand.

Download from turbobit.net

High demand and high marketability of nuts are due to:

• their exceptional value as food products (from the formation of man, the mastery of fire - to the present day, according to the recommendations of modern nutritionists);
• high transportability of nuts, which can be stored and sold for a year or more;
• relatively low productivity of walnut orchards - up to 1.0-1.5 t/ha;
• a relatively small area of ​​​​area on the globe suitable, according to environmental conditions, for the cultivation of walnuts and hazelnuts.

Therefore, there have never been and never will be many nuts, there has always been and will be a demand for them, and great attention has always been paid to their cultivation in all CIS countries.

Plans for creating forest crops and walnut orchards were communicated everywhere.

For example, in Moldova alone, the state forest fund created more than 30 thousand hectares of walnut forest crops and more than 2 thousand hectares of walnut orchards on collective and state farms of the republic.

By this time, after graduating from the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy, I was in charge of the largest tree nursery in Moldova, where in some years up to 30 tons of nuts were sown and hundreds of thousands of walnut seedlings were grown.

When I was assigned to study the productivity of walnut plantations, I began by analyzing the accumulated experience, studied more than 50 dissertations on walnuts, more than 2000 scientific publications (including more than 500 foreign ones).

An analysis of the literature showed the lack of a clear, substantiated technology for the industrial culture of walnuts. This was confirmed by our expeditionary research in almost all regions of nut cultivation in the CIS from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia to the North Caucasus, Crimea, Bukovina, Transcarpathia. A study of the productivity of walnut orchards in Moldova with feeding areas from 6x4 m to 10x10, 16x16, 20x20 m showed that the nut harvest in them does not exceed 3-5 c/ha. At the same time, long-term studies have shown that the yield of walnut trees in single and alley plantings planted with same-aged seedlings of the same origin is 2.5-3 times higher than in adjacent massive walnut orchards under the same conditions.

An analysis of the commercial production of nuts in Crimea, Bukovina, and Moldova, from where tens of thousands of tons of them were exported, shows that previously nut trees, as a rule, grew along borders or around vineyards in rural farms. These plantings were planted using the method of “folk selection” - the best local forms of nuts.

The work we carried out in Moldova, Chernivtsi, Vinnitsa and Odessa regions showed the great potential of the walnut gene pool here.

A number of American varieties have also been bred on the basis of local, so-called “Carpathian” forms of walnut.

And in recent years, employees of the California Walnut Farmers Association came to us twice with an offer to purchase our best varieties of walnuts.

In our breeding work, we also encountered varieties with fruiting from lateral buds. In our opinion, the significance of this phenomenon is greatly exaggerated. After all, fruiting from lateral buds is possible only with strong growth of more than 10-15 cm (i.e. only at a young age). But by 15-20 years, the length of the annual growth decreases to 5-7 cm and below. At the same time, the ovaries even from the apical buds fall off.

The most sensational thing was our discovery of nut forms that had a solid, without partitions, kernel, like an almond, and a shell without seams, like a hazelnut.

In the future, the discovery and study of such varieties will revolutionize the production of walnut kernels.

In general, based on more than 40 years of experience in walnut breeding, we consider the most valuable varieties to be those with fruits of 10-14 (16) g, a light-colored kernel yield of 50-56%, and a yield of 15-40 kg/tree.

As our experience has shown, large-fruited varieties such as “bomb”, “paper-shell”, “racemose”, which begin to bear fruit early (in the 1st-2nd year or the “Ideal” type) produce low-quality commercial products, or are insufficiently tested, an unfounded sensation . Walnut selection is a very serious matter, many years of painstaking work.

We have developed a technology for permanently grafting walnuts. The best results here are obtained with 5-7-year-old rootstocks with a trunk diameter at the grafting site of up to 5 cm using winter cuttings behind the bark with a “saddle” coated with paraffin. This method is most appropriate in small farm gardens or to speed up the creation of queen cells of scion cuttings and collection walnut orchards.

In general, in Ukraine and Moldova, all scientists have identified quite a lot of valuable varieties of walnuts. But there is no guarantee that they will produce high yields in massive gardens, since the biology of flowering and pollen compatibility of these varieties has been very poorly studied. Therefore, before studying these varieties in detail, we recommend creating nut plantations using seedlings of the best varieties and varietal hybrids:

• along land use boundaries;
• around gardens and vineyards;
• along the canals;
• in protective zones of water bodies;
• and most importantly - along the borders and on household plots of the population, where both in the past and today the bulk of commercial nuts are produced in all CIS countries.

Zhadan Viktor Markiyanovich
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of General Ecology
senior researcher in specialty:
"Forest crops, selection and seed production"

Municipal educational institution

"Garbage School"

Cherepovets district, Vologda region

City conference “I am a young researcher”

What types of nuts are there?

Work completed:

Rumyantsev Alexander Pavlovich, 2nd grade,

Municipal educational institution "Musorskaya basic secondary school" of Cherepovets district

Birth certificate I D- No. 674624

date of birth: 03/18/2007

Home address: 162664, Vologda region, Cherepovets district, Yakushevo village, no. 50

Supervisor:

Kosheleva Valentina Nikolaevna,

primary school teacher

Municipal educational institution "Musorskaya school",

School address: 162664, Vologda region, Cherepovets district. Voskresenskoye, 173.

Tel. 665-875

Voskresenskoye

2017

Maintaining.

Our class has been participating in the international competition “Emu-Erudite” for the second year now. In one of the tasks of this competition, it was necessary to find the largest among the names of nuts. I had difficulties completing this task because I had never seen the nuts that were listed. I wanted to know what a fruit like a nut is and what they are like.

That's whythe purpose of my work : study of the diversity of nut fruits.
Tasks:

find out what a nut is and what they are like;

make a list of nuts;

find out where nuts grow;

collect a collection of nut-like fruits.

Research method : search, method of analysis and synthesis, survey method

Main.

2.1 I turned to the biology teacher at our school, Galina Alekseevna Smirnova, for help.(Appendix1) I asked her to tell me what fruits we call nuts. I learned that a nut is the fruit of plants (trees or shrubs),with edible core and hard shell . . The science of botany gives two definitions: nut - as a fruit, and nut - as the name of a tree.

1) The fruit is a nut, found in shrubs and trees of the Birch family.The fruits of these plants are considered true nuts, based on the name of the fruit.
These include:
(tree - , or );
, or (tree - large hazel);
cashew.

2) A type of tree is also called a nut. They belong to the familyNut. But their fruits are completely incorrect “nuts”; their scientific name is drupes. Although the name of the tree is walnut, such a name is possible, but not scientifically.
These include:

(pecan, hazel, hickory);

large nut:

3) The third group includes nuts, but as the fruits of agricultural nut crops. There are many such cultures. These include:

Nut;

ground almonds, ;

Tropics, subequatorial