Promille is how much? What is the legal limit for blood alcohol per mille? Is there a legal limit for alcohol while driving?

There is a so-called rate of per mille of alcohol in the blood, having learned which, a person will understand whether he can drive and what stage of intoxication he is in. The unit ppm measures the amount of pure alcohol in a person's blood after drinking alcohol. To determine its value, you can use special formulas and tables.

Degrees of intoxication in ppm

A table by which you can determine the stage of intoxication in ppm should be used simultaneously with formulas that will help you independently calculate the content of pure alcohol in the blood after taking alcoholic beverages. When using the table, it should be taken into account that the indicators are influenced by factors such as the age of the researcher, his gender, general health, the presence or absence of chronic diseases.

Deciphering the level of ppm in the blood according to the table:

Signs of alcohol intoxication

When alcohol enters the bloodstream, certain signs are observed that may serve as a reason to send, for example, a driver for a medical examination. Signs of alcohol intoxication include:

A strong smell of alcohol emanates from the person's mouth. Moreover, even the most powerful modern means cannot get rid of it, therefore, with such aromas, it is categorically not recommended to drive.
The posture of a person after drinking alcohol becomes unstable, and the gait becomes uncertain. This sign is classified as a violation of coordination of movement.
There is trembling of the upper extremities or only the fingers on the hands.
Neurological disorders are clearly visible - a person begins to talk too loudly, his speech will be unintelligible. The use of alcohol leads to an incorrect assessment of the environment, a person becomes aggressive, and may demonstrate unnatural behavior.

Calculation of ppm blood alcohol

This value can be calculated using several formulas. It is important to remember that with such a study, only the level of alcohol content can be established, but not the time of drinking. Another important point: an equal volume of alcoholic beverages of different strengths will “give out” a different content of pure alcohol. For example, half a liter of vodka and the same amount of beer will give different results: in the first case, a person will have severe intoxication and alcohol poisoning, and in the second, a slight intoxication, which will pass in a couple of hours.

Widmark formula

This formula is by far the most common and frequently used:

C \u003d A / m * r

C is the value of the total concentration of pure alcohol in the blood

A - the mass of alcohol, which is expressed in grams (it is necessary to convert the volume drunk into mass)

M - the total body weight of the patient (his weight)

r is the Widmark coefficient: for women it is 0.6, and for men it is 0.7.

Note:if you want to calculate the total amount of alcohol. which was drunk the day before, then you should use the formula A \u003d s * m *r.

Dubrovsky formula

You can determine the amount of alcohol in the blood and according to the exhaled air, using the special Dubrovsky formula:

WITH air = C eau * K1* e( K2 *T)

C eau - liquid, represents the level of alcohol concentration in the liquid

C air is the concentration of alcohol in exhaled vapor

K1 - the value of a constant value equal to 0.04145

K2 is the value of a constant value equal to 0.06583

K2 * T - a special power of the number "e"

T is the temperature value.

The formula is used only by specialists, but you can apply it yourself. For example, if the temperature of the exhaled vapors is 35 degrees, then the following value is obtained:

0.3*1/2100=0.15 mg/l.

This calculation formula is used when there is a breathalyzer of any type, from the simplest to complex devices that make it possible to obtain certain data.

Calculation without a calculator

C = A / (P * r) - b60 * T

C - concentration of alcohol

A - the amount of alcohol drunk before in grams (the volume must simply be multiplied by the density - 0.79384)

P - body weight

r is a reduction unit that shows the proportion of alcohol that enters the bloodstream. For men and women, this value is different, for women it is 0.55, and for men - 0.68

b60 - the value by which the concentration of alcohol decreases in 1 hour. It is at the level of 0.1-0.16 g/l

T is the time that has passed since drinking alcohol.

To make it clearer, here is an example of a simple calculation based on the following available data:

A \u003d 0.4 * 100 ml * 0.7484 \u003d 31.936 g

N = 2 hours

r=0.68

P = 80 kg

r=0.68

b60 = 0.13.

The result will be the following answer: C \u003d 31.936 / (038 * 80) \u003d 0.3270588 ‰ or 0.33‰. This ppm indicator means that the man is still intoxicated, his reaction is slightly inhibited, and it is better for him not to drive.

The given tables for calculating blood alcohol per mille can also be used at home, this will help determine whether it is possible to drive a car in a disputable situation. But you need to know the number of ppm that are allowed when driving a vehicle - these data will be individual for each country. In Russia, since 2013, the permissible rate of alcohol while driving has been 0.16 ppm in exhaled air and 0.35 in blood.

Every year the measure of responsibility for this violation of traffic rules is becoming tougher. Everyone recognizes the social danger of such a violation, but not everyone agrees when deciding what dose of alcohol in the blood or exhaled air must be established in order for the driver to be found guilty of drinking while driving. And this is a very serious issue for all road users and especially for drivers. In addition to the above-mentioned fine and deprivation of rights for the abuse of alcohol while driving, you can get an administrative arrest, or be held criminally liable. Read more about this.

There are countries that allow moderate drinking while driving.

Permissible norms

Russian legislation (Article 12.8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, note) prohibits the driver from using any substances that lead to intoxication. These include alcohol, drugs, psychotropic and toxicological substances. Responsibility for violation of the requirements of this article, as well as article 12.27 part 3, concerning the ban on taking intoxicants after an accident, occurs only when the fact of the presence of ethyl alcohol vapors in the air exhaled by the driver is established. The presence of psychotropic or narcotic substances in the driver's body is determined by the results of a blood and urine test.

Alcoholic drinks that will give 0.3 ppm after a certain time

The units used to measure drunkenness are "milligram per liter" (mg/l) and "per mille" (‰). The law establishes the permissible content of alcohol while driving at 0.16 mg / liter in the exhaled air or 0.35 ppm in the blood.

It is important to understand:

During a medical examination, blood from a vein can be taken for analysis and then the alcohol content will be indicated in ppm.
The examination is carried out by a breathalyzer. Alcohol vapor is found in exhaled air and will be measured in milligrams per liter (mg/L).
In the act of medical examination, which is drawn up when fixing the driver's alcohol intoxication, the alcohol concentration is always indicated in mg / l, and not in ppm. These are, as they say in Odessa, two big differences.

The difference between measurements in ppm from milligrams per liter

Promille - this word denotes a thousandth of a certain value, i.e. one tenth of a percent represented by the symbol "‰". This unit of measure is used to denote the number of thousandths of a physical quantity. To understand the difference between "‰" and "mg / l", you should understand the following points for yourself:

mg/l is a unit of measure for the concentration of alcohol in the air;
ppm is a unit of measure for the specific content of alcohol in the blood.

It has been established that there is a strictly proportional relationship between the number of alcohol molecules contained in a unit volume of lung air and its content in the patient's blood.
Thus, ppm and mg/l are units of measurement for various physical parameters, but they are related. Medical studies have shown that a person whose blood contains 1 ppm of alcohol exhales air with an alcohol concentration of 0.45 mg / l. Therefore, ppm is related to mg/l by a constant ratio of 1:0.45. Therefore, 1 ppm \u003d 0.45 mg / l.

The legally permitted breath alcohol content of 0.16 mg/l corresponds to the blood alcohol limit of 0.35 ppm.

There are devices whose readings can be taken both in milligrams / liter and in ppm. However, in any case, when issuing a medical examination report, the readings of the device should be indicated in mg / l, as determined by the requirement of Article 12.8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, which may require recalculations in some cases.

The question arises, where did this figure come from - 0.16 mg / l or 0.3 ppm?

This value is defined in the law as the total measurement error obtained using the measuring instruments available in operation. That is, the allowable rate of 0.16 mg / l should be understood not as an indicator of intoxication, but as an inaccuracy in the readings of the device. Thus, if the device shows 0.16 mg / l or more, then it is considered that the driver drank alcohol. This means that the permissible level of alcohol for a driver is 0.16 mg / l or 0.35 ppm, if more, this is already alcohol intoxication.

The law does not state that the readings of the device must be confirmed by other signs of intoxication, such as unsteady gait, lack of coordination, etc. Therefore, the performance with the use of special devices that issue the measurement result on a paper medium does not require clinical confirmation of the results by conducting an additional examination in order to identify other indirect signs of the state of intoxication and record its results in the corresponding act of execution of this procedure.

The requirements of the law imply complete sobriety of the driver without discounts on various low-alcohol tonic drinks in the form of "energy drinks" or beer, which are allowed in a number of foreign countries. The threshold in the form of a permitted alcohol rate of 0.16 mg / liter was made in order to remove problems with the error in the readings of the device, as well as with the existing natural dose of ethanol in the blood of a certain category of people.

The measurement accuracy limits of instruments used to determine the concentration of alcohol in the air are established by Rosstandart on the basis of studies of various types of breathalyzers approved for practical use. Moreover, the limits are defined with some margin. The measurement accuracy declared by the manufacturers of measuring instruments is from 0.03-0.04 mg / l for most devices.

The rest of the margin of permissible error values is calculated on the influence of adverse climatic and other conditions in the measurement process, such as temperature and air humidity. It also levels the measurement results in relation to instrument types. Whatever type of device is used for medical examination, the lower threshold is the same for all - 0.16 mg / l.

How much do you need to drink to have 0.3 ppm in your blood?

The maximum concentration of alcohol in the body is reached 0.5-2 hours after drinking. Drinking a glass of vodka, a person consumes 40 grams of alcohol, which will be absorbed into the blood in the form of 0.5-0.6‰. Oxidation of alcohol in the body occurs at a rate of 7-10 g/hour. This corresponds to a decrease in its content by 0.1-0.16‰. This means that in order for the drunk alcohol to “weather” from the body to the permissible limit, at least 4-5 hours must pass after drinking.

Comparison table of permissible 0.3 ppm

1 ppm of alcohol is how much, how to calculate it? According to statistics, most often breathalyzers show 0.7 ppm, you can’t even really attribute this indicator to any stage of intoxication, but still the punishment is provided, since there was an excess of the permissible norm. It is ppm that is an indicator of a person’s concentration, so let’s try to find out what it is, how much is contained in one unit, what is a person’s behavior from exceeding permissible limits.

The main aspects of the concept

So, if we rely on the term of the concept, then one unit per mille is a thousandth of the whole substance. If only this indicator is taken into account when determining the degree of intoxication, then errors cannot be avoided, since there are significant differences in the effects of alcohol on men and women, and it is also worth considering the physiological characteristics of the two organisms. According to medical centers, a girl's body is 60% fluid, while a man's is 10% more.

The indicator is expressed in ppm, with the sign ‰.

It was said above that one ppm is a tenth of a percent of the liquid, based on this, a special system for translating indicators was created:

0‰ = 0 = 0%;
0.16‰ = 0.00016 = 0.016%;
1‰ = 0.001 = 0.1%;
200‰ \u003d 0.2 \u003d 20%.

The calculations themselves are very simple, it is only important to take into account the differences in percentages and ppm in order to avoid errors in the calculation.

Approximately 30 minutes after drinking alcohol, the blood contains the maximum dose of alcohol.

It is with the use of the ppm indicator that the following characteristics can be identified:

How much alcohol is in your blood in a certain period of time;
How much drink did you drink, and what type;
How long will ethanol be excreted from the body.

When determining data, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of a person:

His weight, height, sex and age;
How much fluid is in the body and what is its ratio to the mass of a person;
How much alcohol was drunk.

It will be easier to understand with an example.

The man weighs 82 kg, he drank 300 ml of vodka or 6 glasses (40% ethyl alcohol in vodka). Since men are 70% liquid, 57.4 kg is water. The concentration of ethanol is 120 ml (300 * 40), and in grams it is 120 * 0.78 = 94 grams, it turns out that pure ethanol contains 84.6 grams. If you calculate in ppm, then you get 84.6 / 57.4 \u003d 1.47 ‰.

The data available to every person was taken as a basis, so it was not so difficult to calculate the indicator. The main thing is to take into account the age of the person and the state of his health.

Stages of intoxication and their manifestations

The degree of intoxication is divided by the amount of alcohol consumed. In general, there are four main forms of intoxication: mild (1.5-2.5‰), medium (1.5-2.5‰), strong (2.5-3.0‰) and the stage of complete alcohol poisoning ( 3-5‰).

Also, you can judge the effects of alcohol by the ratio of dose to kilogram.

It turns out that the lethal dose per 1 kg is:

For people over 21, but under 62 - 7 grams;
For teenagers and people from 63 years old - 3 grams.

Some experts distinguish slightly different stages of intoxication:

If the concentration does not exceed 0.3%, then alcohol has no effect;
Doses of 0.3 to 0.5% have minimal effect;
The content in the range of 0.5-1.5% indicates a mild degree of exposure;
A concentration within 1.5-2.5% suggests the presence of an average degree;
When the content reaches 2.5-3%, then the strongest poisoning of the body began;
A harbinger of death is a concentration of 3-5% - a person can fall into a coma;
The lethal dose is 5-6%.

Undoubtedly, with each stage, human behavior also changes.

It is strictly forbidden to drive a car in this state, because:

0.2-0.5 ppm. There is no perception of moving objects and headlights. A person wants adrenaline, the driving speed doubles. The body is relaxed, so when certain situations arise, sudden movements can aggravate the situation.
0.5-0.8 ppm. There is no clear assessment of the distance, there is no coordination of actions. There is no reaction to third-party signs, such as blinking headlights and traffic lights, car signals, etc.
0.8-1.2 ppm. Complete relaxation of all human organs and systems, lack of vigilance. Decreased visual reflexes. Represents a serious danger to others.
1.2-2.4 ppm. In this state, a person is unlikely to be able to start a car, let alone maintain consciousness and perform conscious actions.

If a person is stopped by law enforcement agencies, then he will be given the following signs:

The smell of drinks or fume;
mild tremor, loss of coordination;
Speech is slurred, tongue is tangled;
Sharp hand movements, etc.

Also, depending on the level of alcohol, the following signs are distinguished:

0.010-0.029 - a person does not give himself away, the concentration can only be determined with the help of special breathalyzers if intoxication is suspected.
0.03-0.059 - a person becomes overly talkative, unrestrained in his actions and words. Poorly perceives what is happening.
0.06-0.09 - inhibited movements, weakening of all body functions, poor pupillary response to light stimuli.
0.1-0.19 - a person is very irritated, shows his emotions. There is no normal speech, he does not control his behavior, severe intoxication of organs is already possible.
0.2-0.29 - unconsciousness, loss of orientation, stupor, memory problems, severe tremor of the limbs, severe poisoning.
0.3-0.39 - attacks of loss of consciousness, rapid heartbeat, short-term respiratory arrest is possible. At this stage, there is a threat of death.
0.4-0.5 - a person falls into a coma, there is no self-control, nystagmus, post-mortem spots, necrosis are possible.
More than 0.5 - death.

Dose of death: truth or myth?

Is it possible to believe the reports and say for sure that exceeding 5‰ is a lethal dose. Of course, no one will advise you to conduct an experiment on yourself. But even doctors are not sure what the maximum dose is, since taking into account the individual characteristics of each person is simply unrealistic. Therefore, statistics of averages was derived, created on the basis of an average person.

In order to determine how much alcohol is a dose of death, it must be understood that 1 ml of pure alcohol is not equal in strength to 1 ml of alcohol. According to many narcological dispensaries, it is 5-6‰ that is considered a lethal indicator, but at the same time, the strongest intoxication occurs already from 2‰. Let's try to analyze a simple example.

A bottle of vodka with a volume of 0.7 contains 200 ml of pure ethanol, approximately 2.5 ‰. It turns out, according to experts, about 3-4 bottles can lead to instant death. But here it is worth considering that death will occur only if all the bottles are drunk within 40-80 minutes, i.e. for the shortest time. If a person drinks such an amount for a long time, while eating while drinking and moving, this will lead to severe intoxication, but not to death.

If we talk about wine or beer, then the calculation will be different, since the concentration is much lower, and the dose is different. Their lethal dosage is different, the indicator is much higher than that of vodka. Moreover, it is worth considering that exceeding the individual norm can lead to vomiting (the body's reaction to the toxin), which leads to the cleansing of the body from a significant amount of alcohol.

The dose of death depends not only on which drink is chosen and how much is drunk, but also on individual characteristics, such as height, body weight, age and the presence of diseases. A person without health problems reacts differently to alcohol than an elderly or teenager. Diseases can also affect: cirrhosis, kidney failure, cancer, predisposition to a heart attack, etc. Therefore, if you want to calculate an individual alcohol rate that suits you, then consider the average values.

To summarize, ppm is an indicator that measures the concentration of alcohol in a person's blood. It is a thousandth of ethanol, and shows how much of it is contained in the calculation of the entire liquid level. With it, you can determine how much alcohol was drunk. To date, with its use, the degree of intoxication of drivers is determined, the permissible doses of alcohol are calculated.

According to statistics, alcohol testers generally show approximately 0.7 ppm. In general, such an indicator cannot be attributed to a specific stage of intoxication. However, punishment is provided by virtue of exceeding the generally accepted norm.

Promille displays the concentration of alcohol contained directly in the blood of a person who has consumed an alcoholic beverage. One unit is a thousandth of ethyl. This equals one tenth of a percent of the liquid. In the representatives of the stronger sex, the body contains about 70% of the fluid, but for women this level reaches only 60%.

Per mille is denoted by ‰. To calculate this indicator, it is necessary to translate the values: 1‰ is equal to 0.1% (therefore, one thousandth or one tenth of a percent), and one hundred ppm - ten percent or 0.1, three hundred ppm - 30% or 300/1000, then there is 0.3, well, and 0‰ is equal to zero. The translation is simple, the main thing is to take into account the difference between% and ‰. Then the measurement will be as accurate as possible.

Half an hour after taking a strong drink, the maximum concentration can be fixed. Promille makes it possible to set the alcohol content at a particular moment, calculate the volume of the drink and the time required for the full removal of ethyl from the body. The first step is to take into account the gender, weight and age of the child, as well as% fluid relative to total body weight. The volume of the corresponding strong drink drunk is also considered.

How much alcohol in 1, 2, 0.5 ppm?

Some people think that 1 ppm is a negligible unit. However, in practice, everything is different. In a bottle of vodka, for example, with a volume of five hundred milliliters, exactly two hundred milliliters of pure alcohol. Therefore, if the average man, whose weight ranges from 70 to 75 kilograms, drinks it, this is converted to 2.5 ‰. Of course, such a state is classified as serious intoxication. The content of 5-6 units will be considered fatal.

Meanwhile, in practice, the indicators differ. So, in 100 grams of vodka - 40 grams of ethyl, and this is more than 0.5 ppm. However, one should not trust theoretical calculations. After all, the indicators of breathalyzers can display 0.7 ppm, however, the drunk strong drink should provoke other, higher results. Cognac displays the same data. A bottle of beer is about 0.32 ppm. Therefore, half a bottle of intoxicating is 0.16‰. But such a figure will be an indicator of the error of ordinary testers.

The ppm of wine depends on the number of degrees in the drink. Moreover, according to calculations, the average bottle of wine, with a capacity of 700 ml and a strength of 12%, contains about 12 grams of alcohol. This is 0.7 ppm. However, other factors must be taken into account in this case. Champagne, for example, is absorbed by the body faster, but it is also excreted quickly. True, it is important to know that breathalyzers can even catch alcohol vapors that are contained in the lungs and remain when feeling sober.

When calculating ppm, you need to understand that the figures given in advance will be conditional. After all, breathalyzers always show a certain error. The strength of the impact of alcohol, as well as the degree of intoxication, as well as the time it takes to remove ethyl from the body, is determined by a large list of factors. The health of internal organs, gender, strength of the drink, quantity and quality of snacks, genetic predisposition and general condition affect. So, a dose taken on an empty stomach will intoxicate faster and take longer to be removed from the blood.

It is difficult to carry out such calculations on your own, therefore it is advisable to use the corresponding average statistical data, taking into account the differences between the bodies of women and men. The main thing is to know the basic data. The degree of intoxication is a purely individual factor. In any case, when drinking alcohol, each person must understand that there is a certain measure that should not be exceeded, because it is unsafe for health and fraught with harmful consequences for the body. Everything is good that is moderate, and everything is harmful that is excessive.

The first and second tables indicate how much time the driver will need to be able to; namely, how much ppm remains in the driver's body after a certain period of time. For example, in the first column, immediately after a person has drunk 100 grams, there will be 1.02 ppm of alcohol in his body; after 15 minutes - 0.47 ppm, etc. The red color indicates the amount of ppm allowed for movement in the body, and “by zeros” after what time the alcohol completely leaves the body. The ratio is relative, since the results are influenced by a lot of factors, such as age, weight, the driver ate while drinking alcohol, etc.

The following table lists substances and medicines that can change the general condition of the driver behind the wheel. As well as a list of drugs that are not recommended to be taken while driving.

Alcohol intoxication is a combination of mental, vegetative and neurological disorders resulting from the intake of alcoholic beverages. In certain doses, alcohol relieves mental stress, improves mood, creates a feeling of freedom and fun. These sensations are temporary and as the dose of alcohol increases, they are replaced by a state of excitement with a loss of self-control, with aggressiveness or an oppressed and depressed mood.

The rate of appearance of the first signs of alcohol intoxication depends on the strength of the drink and the degree of filling the stomach with food.

The degree of intoxication is determined by the amount of alcohol taken per 1 kg of weight, its individual tolerance and the state of the body during alcohol intake. With fatigue, exhaustion, even small doses of alcohol can cause severe intoxication. In a state of mental stress, the intoxicating effect of alcoholic beverages is reduced.

There are three stages of alcohol intoxication:
Light alcohol intoxication (0.5 - 1.5 ‰ of alcohol in the blood). It is characterized by a rise in mood, complacency, a sense of comfort, a desire for communication. At the same time, the ability to concentrate attention decreases, judgments become lightweight, and one's own capabilities are overestimated. Troubles arising in this state are often perceived calmer and easier. Persons in a state of mild alcohol intoxication often look even calmer than sober ones in stressful situations. The volume and quality of the work performed decreases, the number of errors increases. The perception of time and space is disturbed, therefore, alcohol intoxication is especially dangerous when working on vehicles and with moving mechanisms. Memories of the entire period of intoxication are preserved in full.

Intoxication of moderate severity (1.5 - 2.5 ‰ of alcohol in the blood). In this stage of alcohol intoxication, irritability, dissatisfaction, discontent, anger often appear. Possibly aggressive behavior. Emotions that get out of control easily appear (reassessment of one's capabilities, resentment and reproaches against those around them). The violation of coordination of movements is growing, drowsiness and lethargy gradually develop. Intoxication of moderate severity is usually replaced by deep sleep. Upon awakening, the consequences of alcohol intoxication are felt: weakness, lethargy, weakness, depressed mood, thirst, decrease or lack of appetite, discomfort in the heart area. Some of the events that took place during the period of intoxication may not be clearly remembered.

Severe alcohol intoxication (2.5 - 3 ‰ of alcohol in the blood). Accompanied by a violation of orientation in the environment, speech slows down, facial expressions are lost. Vestibular disorders are noted: dizziness, nausea, vomiting. With an increase in intoxication, the disturbance of consciousness intensifies, up to the development of coma, breathing slows down, the tone of the cardiovascular system decreases, immobility develops, and muscle relaxation develops. Sometimes there are seizures. As a result of paralysis of the respiratory or vasomotor center, death may occur. In the future, for several days, asthenia, anorexia and night sleep disorders are observed. Severe alcohol intoxication is accompanied by complete amnesia.

With an increase in the alcohol content in the blood to 3 - 5 ‰, severe poisoning develops with a possible fatal outcome, requiring emergency toxicological assistance.

Indicative scheme for determining the severity

alcohol intoxication

less than 0.3%- no influence of alcohol;

from 0.3% to 0.5%- slight influence of alcohol;

from 0.5% to 1.5%- slight intoxication;

from 1.5% to 2.5%- moderate intoxication;

from 2.5% to 3.0%- severe intoxication;

from 3.0% to 5.0%- severe alcohol poisoning, death may occur;

from 5.0% to 6.0%- fatal poisoning.