Goy pasta is green. GOI paste: what happens, for what and how it is used

The most popular polishing agent, perhaps, can be called GOI paste, since it can be used on a variety of surfaces, from rough metals to glass and soft plastic of mobile phone displays.

The name of the paste is deciphered as follows: State Optical Institute, where this useful product was developed in the 30s of the last century.

Paste "GOI": appearance and composition

Paste "GOI" is made in the form of sticks from pale to dark green, depending on the content of chromium oxide powder in it (it can range from 65 to 85 percent), which is the basis of the paste. In addition, it also contains organic (fatty) binders and auxiliary substances (activating and intensifying additives), such as solvents and chemical reagents such as stearin, kerosene, silica gel (silicon dioxide, white porous mass with absorbing (adsorption) ability), etc.

Paste "GOI" is produced both in the form of a paste and in the form of impregnated felt soft polishing wheels.

For what surfaces is GOI paste used?

Use this tool for polishing and grinding steel alloys (including heat-hardened), non-ferrous metals, glass (including optical), hard polymers and plastics, ceramic materials. Paste "GOI" is applied easily and holds well on polishing wheels.

Pasta "GOI": classification and varieties

No. 2 paste is the most widely used because it is excellent for polishing jewelry or other surfaces made of non-ferrous metals, glass, hard polymers and plastics.

Paste "GOI": application

Few people know how to use this tool correctly. Next, I give instructions that will help you cope with polishing with GOI paste without any problems.

A small amount of product is applied to a polishing cloth (soft cloth, flannel is ideal) or to a polishing pad. Do not apply paste directly to the surface to be polished.

Before applying the product, you can rinse the cloth in kerosene or lighter gasoline. This will greatly improve the dissolution of this paste.

Then put a couple of drops of "spindle" (industrial liquid oil) on the surface to be polished and start polishing the desired surface.

Periodically, you need to drip oil on the product. And when polishing, do not make sudden movements with your hands, do not press too hard on the surface, because. this may not only not remove existing scratches, but also add new ones. Polish until desired gloss is obtained.

At the end of the work, rinse the product well, preferably in kerosene. If it is not there, remove the remnants of the "GOI" paste with water.

This is such an effective and easy to use tool.

№ 3 (paste green; abrasive capacity 17-8 microns) for medium grinding, gives a clean surface without streaks and is used to achieve an even gloss of the polished surface. Composition: 70-80 parts of trivalent chromium oxide, 2 - silica gel, 10 - stearin, 10 - split fat, 2 - kerosene;

№ 4 (paste light green; abrasive capacity 40-18 microns) for rough grinding, gives a matte surface and is used to remove the smallest scratches left on the surface after grinding with abrasives. Composition: 75-85 parts of trivalent chromium oxide, 2 - silica gel, 10 - stearin, 5 - split fat, 2 - kerosene.

The abrasive ability of GOI paste is determined by the thickness of the metal removed from a steel plate 9 × 35 mm when it passes a path of 40 m along a cast iron plate 400 × 400 mm.

GOI pastes - application.

A small amount of product is applied to a polishing cloth (soft cloth, flannel is ideal) or to a polishing pad. Do not apply paste directly to the surface to be polished.

Next, the paste that was applied to the rag is rubbed against any piece of metal. This is done to remove large pieces of paste that can scratch the surface. Before applying the product, you can rinse the cloth in kerosene or lighter gasoline. This will greatly improve the dissolution of this paste.

Then put a couple of drops of "spindle" (industrial liquid oil) on the surface to be polished and start polishing the desired surface. From time to time, you need to drip oil on the product, and when polishing, do not make sudden movements with your hands, do not press too hard on the surface, because. this may not only not remove existing scratches, but also add new ones. Polish until desired gloss is obtained.

At the end of the work, rinse the product well, preferably in kerosene. If it is not there, remove the remnants of the "GOI" paste with water.

Polishing agents are used for grinding and polishing metal, ceramic, plastic, stone or glass surfaces. In the CIS countries, the GOI paste, developed by the State Optical Institute of the USSR in 1931-1933, was most widely used. The material is suitable for use at home and in production (in electroplating shops).

Composition and varieties

As an active component in the composition of the GOI paste, trivalent chromium oxide is used, which gives the material a green color. Additionally, binders and other additives are used: stearin, fat, oleic acid, kerosene, baking soda, silica gel (silicon dioxide). The old formula used hexavalent chromium oxide, but its use had to be abandoned - the substance causes cancer. Old paste of dubious origin is not safe to use.

The material is produced in the form of solid bars or a viscous mass supplied in jars. Available at any store that sells polishes. It is sometimes erroneously referred to as "goe" or "goya paste". The use of trivalent chromium oxide is 60-85% of the substance. The color of the composition and the size of the granules (and, as a result, the abrasive characteristics) depend on the percentage of the active substance. In total, 4 types of polishing agent are produced:

In production, thin pastes are used for lapping and final finishing of product surfaces. They are what give it shine and shine. At home, composition No. 2 is used for most works and materials.

Polishing rules

Polishing is done by wiping the surface with a soft cloth with paste applied to it. Rags are moistened in advance in gasoline (you can also take the contents of lighters). The material of the selected rag depends on the type of surface:

Abrasive particles remove the top layer of the part along with bumps and scratches. The coarser the abrasive, the greater the thickness of the layer to be removed.

Large particles can cause deep damage, so lumps must be broken before polishing. To do this, rags with paste are wiped on an unnecessary surface before work.

Correctly polish with smooth movements. Strong pressure leads to the appearance of new scratches. Work is carried out until a smooth shiny surface is obtained. In case of deep damage, the surface is first ground with a coarse paste, then medium and fine compositions are used. No. 2 and 1 cannot be applied immediately, as the defects will become even more noticeable. Usually polishing parts takes 3-4 minutes.

The finished product is rinsed in kerosene or under running water, but it is not recommended to immediately place metal products under water. To slow down the oxidation process, metal surfaces are coated with zaponlak.

Jewelry, electronics

Items made of precious metals are polished only with soft cotton flannel and thin pastes, gold - only No. 1. Silver items are polished according to the standard algorithm, but before that they are cleaned according to the instructions:

It is forbidden to use GOI paste when working with a precious coating - the polish wears away layers of gilding, silvering, chrome plating, etc. Before polishing mechanical watches and electronics, working mechanisms and microcircuits must be removed from the case.

Glass, plastic

For polishing glass and plastics, only thin compositions and soft cotton rags are used. When working with plastic, the material is not wetted in gasoline, the paste residues are removed with a dry cloth or a dry paper towel. Plastic surfaces do not need to be oiled. Glasses are pre-treated with special rubber circles.

Sapphire glasses, used to protect watches and small electronics, are useless to polish with GOI paste - they do not lend themselves to it.

Working with cars

GOI paste is used for grinding and polishing body parts, headlights, mirrors and car windows. The body is treated with power tools with felt nozzles, glass and headlights are polished with flannel. The type of paste used depends on the planned work:

• Middle composition (No. 3) body parts are polished. After sanding, the surface looks matte and requires finishing.
• Thin compositions (No. 2 and 1) polish body parts and glass elements.

To determine which operation to start body work with, you need to run your fingernail over the problem area. If the nail clings to scratches, then the body is first sanded and then polished. If the nail does not cling to scratches, it is immediately polished.

Before work, body parts are moistened with a glass cleaner or water. Polishing wheel speed - from 1100 rpm. A circle is driven along the body without stops, maintaining an angle of 4-6 degrees between the nozzle and the part. The remains of the paste are removed with warm water under low pressure.

Before polishing mirrors, glass and headlights, the surrounding parts are covered with plastic wrap. The elements to be treated are pre-washed either with a soap solution, or with a glass cleaner solution, or with a solution of technical alcohol. Wipe dry after washing.

When working, use a machine with a grinding wheel or a drill with a special nozzle. The paste is ground into a powder and mixed with machine oil. One drop of oil per spoonful of powder. The mixture is applied to a grinding wheel and rubbed over the surface to overlap the bands. During polishing, make sure that the product does not overheat. The remaining paste is removed with a paper towel. Deep scratches are not suitable for polishing, they are filled with a colorless leveling compound.

Softening of GOI paste

A dried bar of GOI paste can be restored without loss of abrasive properties. To do this, a small piece of dry paste must be ground to a powder and diluted with machine or technical oil. There should be four drops of oil per tablespoon of powder. The mixture is stirred and placed in the microwave for 30 seconds and then stirred until smooth. It is impossible to replace oil with kerosene, while the abrasive characteristics of the composition are greatly lost.

Alternative means

The main competitors are diamond pastes and pastes based on aluminum oxide. They also differ in colors according to their abrasive properties:

• Materials of gray and red color are used for grinding and rough polishing of metals. Individual samples are able to remove even deep marks.
• Pink - analogues of GOI No. 3 paste. Removes traces of machining and creates a shiny surface.
• White and turquoise formulations are designed for finishing and working with delicate surfaces.

Polishes are produced both in Russia and abroad: Gtool, Dialux, Rupes, Depural, Peek, Actuel. Foreign analogues are usually more expensive, but more efficient and easier to use. They are less expensive. Available in the form of bars, liquid mass or powder.

Safety

The tool is safe for human health, but this does not eliminate the need to wear personal protective equipment. When performing manual operations, gloves and goggles are required, a respirator or a medical mask is optional. When working with power tools, a respirator is required. If the paste gets into your eyes, rinse immediately with water and seek medical attention.

GOI paste is one of the most popular products in our country for polishing products from various materials. It is produced in the form of a green bar, similar to a bar of soap or in cans. It should be noted that initially GOI paste was developed directly for grinding metal surfaces. But over time, its use has spread to other areas of human activity. The tool got its name in honor of the State Optical Institute - the enterprise where it was obtained for the first time.

Classification and composition

The main compound in the GOI paste formula is chromium oxide. Its concentration affects the granularity of the substance and, accordingly, the performance. The higher the percentage of chromium oxide in the GOI paste, the coarser it is (varies from 60% to 85%). Depending on the granularity, several varieties are distinguished, each of which is assigned an individual number:

• No. 1 - thin for final polishing and giving a mirror finish;
• No. 2 - thin to achieve a uniform matte surface;
• No. 3 - medium for removing small irregularities;
• No. 4 - rough to eliminate visible scratches.

Types of paste differ in composition, structure and color (from light green in thin to black and dark green in coarse).

In addition to chromium oxide, GOI paste contains fatty binding compounds, as well as activating components in the form of various solvents, adsorbents and other reagents, for example, silica gel, kerosene, stearin, bicarbonate of soda.

What materials are polished with GOI paste?

The main purpose of GOI paste is the processing of metal products (stainless steel, cast iron, silver, aluminum, etc.), but it can also be used for polishing other surfaces: glass, plastics, ceramics, solid polymers. It is worth noting that this tool has found wide application both in industry and in everyday life.

In everyday life, GOI paste is used to polish kitchen knives, scissors or other products made of steel alloys. It is very popular with numismatists, who use it to remove corrosion from old coins and restore their luster. Fishermen clean artificial lures with GOI paste, increasing their specularity. Hunters with a mixture of this tool polish the barrels of guns.

GOI paste is also used for polishing mirror, plastic and glass surfaces (including plexiglass). This technical tool can partially restore CDs, mobile phone screens, watches, jewelry, etc. GOI paste perfectly eliminates scratches and chips on car headlights, and also effectively removes their clouding and blackening.

Thus, GOI paste is the most important tool in metalworking, as well as in fine high-quality polishing of various surfaces without the use of special equipment.

How to use?

GOI paste should be applied to the surface using a special polishing wheel or a soft cloth moistened with a solvent, for example, rags or gauze. It should be remembered that the wetter the cloth material, the longer the processing, but the better the result of the work done. In the form of a solvent, it is possible to use kerosene, diesel fuel or other hard-to-evaporate, non-aggressive liquid.

Polishing a product with GOI paste includes the following steps:

1. Apply GOI paste to the rag material. It is strictly forbidden to add the agent to the polished surface, as this may lead to the formation of new damage.
2. Before grinding, in order to grind large particles, it is recommended to rub the product on a metal surface.
3. To speed up the process, treat the surface to be polished with a little liquid industrial oil.
4. To avoid new scratches, polishing with GOI paste should be carried out without sudden movements and strong pressure. During the procedure, it is sometimes necessary to wipe the surface of the workpiece dry to control the quality of grinding.
5. Upon completion of work, thoroughly rinse the product in a solvent, if this is not possible, exclude all signs of GOI paste from the surface with water.

Features of polishing products from various materials

It is important to note that products made from various materials require a certain technology of polishing with GOI paste. First of all, it is necessary to choose the type of technical means and fabric with which the surface will be treated. After that, in order to get the maximum result and exclude the formation of new damage, you should decide on the polishing process,

1. For polishing glass and plastic, it is recommended to choose GOI No2 paste and a soft-haired cloth, such as cotton or flannel. At the same time, the agent must be rubbed abundantly on a piece of rag material, and the surface of the product must be cleaned of debris and dust. After the preparatory work, you can start polishing the surface. To do this, it is necessary to grind the product for several minutes without brute force, slightly pressing. It is worth noting that when processing the screen of a mobile phone or watch, it is necessary to carefully use solvents and oil so that they do not penetrate into the case.
2. Silver jewelry tends to lose its original luster over time. The correct use of GOI No3 paste will help restore the appearance of products. As a processing fabric, you should choose a material with a more rigid structure, for example, a canvas or felt circle, a piece of felt boots. After applying the GOI paste to the fabric, it is necessary to carefully rub the product against it, completely covering the darkened surface. The final step will be polishing the jewelry with a softer cloth material until the final shine is obtained. To achieve the greatest effect, it is recommended to boil silver items before grinding in a solution mixed from: 300 ml of water; 2 teaspoons of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide; 50 g of grated soap; 50 g of washing powder.
3. To polish knives or scissors, GOI paste is applied to a wooden block. You can also glue sandpaper to the board and rub it with this technical tool, slightly moistened with a solvent. Then, steel alloy products should be ground on the bar with reciprocating movements at different angles.

What products cannot be polished with GOI paste?

It is worth remembering that polishing products from some materials with GOI paste may be ineffective or even damage the appearance. This technical tool is not recommended for processing:

• gold-plated products (you can erase the outer layer);
• steel, except for knives and scissors, and nickel (as a rule, they are not ground by hand, but with a special tool);
• metal watch (can be polished with the mechanism removed);
• sapphire watch glasses (polishing with GOI paste is ineffective).

Harmful to humans?

There is often concern that the chromium oxide contained in GOI paste is toxic. These judgments are grounded, since a given compound, depending on its valence, can exhibit different properties. Hexavalent chromium oxide is poisonous and hazardous to human health. Meanwhile, in the production of GOI paste, a non-toxic trivalent compound that has passed the examination is used.

At the same time, excluding the harmfulness of GOI paste for human health, it is recommended to use goggles and a mask when using it. This is due to the fact that when polishing products, dust is formed, which can cause irritation of the mucous membranes.

Paste GOI

Piece of GOI paste

Varieties of GOI pastes and their application

Note

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