A yellow mushroom similar to a white one. Gall mushroom (gorchak)

The porcini mushroom, or boletus, is a traditionally beloved forest mushroom in our area, which is rightfully considered the king among edible mushrooms. Finding a clearing with porcini mushrooms is considered good luck for every mushroom picker, because porcini mushrooms can be dried, boiled, salted and used in many favorite dishes. However, you should be careful when collecting forest mushrooms, because poisonous doubles are often found, namely false porcini mushrooms.

What does a false white mushroom look like?

Note

Real porcini mushroom It looks like a dense, fleshy mushroom with a thick stalk and an elastic brown cap, which in some species can be white or red-brown in color.

As a rule, all poisonous mushroom doubles are carefully disguised as real ones. delicious mushrooms, however, there are some differences that will help distinguish a false porcini mushroom from a good one forest mushroom. But false porcini mushrooms are very similar to real ones, so it is important to find their main differences.

One of the first false porcini mushrooms that can be found in the forest is bitter or gall mushroom. Outwardly, it is very similar to a real edible porcini mushroom, but its pulp contains a high concentration of substances that give it a bitter taste. You can distinguish false white gall fungus by the color of the cut. A real porcini mushroom will have a white cut when cut, while a false bilious porcini mushroom will appear white on the cut. pink. In addition, the false porcini mushroom will have a mesh-like pattern on the upper part of the stem, which is never observed in a real edible porcini mushroom. And one more sign by which you can distinguish an edible porcini mushroom from a false one - the tubular layer false mushroom has a pinkish or whitish tint, while a real porcini mushroom is yellow.

Another type of false porcini mushroom is satanic mushroom. It is so dangerous that just 1 g of this mushroom can cause serious food poisoning in a person. The satanic mushroom belongs to the boletus species, and therefore often becomes an object of prey for inexperienced mushroom pickers. However, there are several differences that can be used to distinguish false porcini mushrooms of this species from edible ones. The first difference is the color of the mushroom stem. A satanic mushroom is often found, which has a whitish, grayish and olive-brown cap color and a velvety structure, which is also characteristic of a real porcini mushroom. However, the color of the leg should alert you if it has shades of red, bright orange and red-brown. Any shade of red combined with another color is the first sign of a satanic mushroom. So be sure to avoid it. When cut, the flesh of the satanic mushroom also instantly turns pink or turns red, blue colors. When buying or picking mushrooms, always pay attention to the cut so as not to buy dangerous, poisonous false porcini mushrooms. An old false porcini mushroom has all the characteristics and will have an unpleasant odor when cut, which is also a difference.

Separately, I would like to say about another mushroom from the category of white mushrooms, which is called the Polish mushroom. This mushroom from the boletus family is edible, but it is often confused and not taken for fear of poisoning. But you can also distinguish the Polish mushroom by its cut, which first turns blue and then becomes lighter. Smell Polish mushroom soft mushroom is pleasant, the leg has a more even shape. The color of the cap is dark red, brownish-red, the flesh is fleshy. The porous lower part of the cap turns blue when pressed, which distinguishes the Polish mushroom from other false porcini mushrooms, has a light yellow color and a small notch at the stem.

Poisoning with false porcini mushrooms

If you accidentally put a false porcini mushroom in the basket and cooked it, then symptoms of poisoning may appear within 20-30 minutes after eating the mushroom dish. These are vomiting, nausea, severe diarrhea and stomach pain. If you find at least one of these symptoms after eating any mushrooms, be sure to call a doctor to do a gastric lavage and rid the body of toxins.

Quite common in middle lane The Russian gall mushroom (gorchak) also has the name false porcini mushroom.

There are several scientific theories about the origin of its bitterness, which cannot be destroyed by any culinary processing procedures.

The closest to the truth is the opinion that the pulp of this mushroom contains toxic substances that destroy liver cells.

In this regard, symptoms of poisoning may appear several weeks or months after eating it.

Poisoning, in fact, is quite rare due to the fact that when exposed to high temperatures during processing, the bitterness increases many times over. It is hardly possible to call such a dish edible. Most often, poisoning occurs when using false porcini mushroom for pickling and pickling.

IN canned Bitterness can be masked by various seasonings and vinegar.

Edible look-alikes- this is true, boletus and. Distinctive feature gall fungus is the color of a spongy substance with reverse side hats.

Unlike edible specimens, the false porcini mushroom has a pink tint. When cut, the leg quickly darkens and turns brown. The mesh that covers the fiber of the leg also has a brown tint.

Description of the gall fungus

You can find false boletus in any region of the Russian Federation. It grows actively from late June to mid-October, depending on weather conditions. With early frosts, the growing season may end at the end of September.

It grows both in groups of 5-15 individuals and singly on the outskirts of forests with sparse planting of trees. For growth it prefers light loamy soils and sandstones, abundantly fertilized with fallen pine needles.

According to the description, the gall mushroom resembles a porcini mushroom - it is a massive, strong stalk that is filled with fibrous pulp. The diameter of an adult individual can reach 7 cm. The outer layer is fibrous, covered with a dense mesh of brown or brown color.

Its cap is a spongy formation with a thin layer at the top of a dense porous substance in the form of pulp. A spongy substance of a pinkish hue, very bitter in taste.

If even a small amount gets on the tongue, it causes a strong burning sensation. The outer surface of the cap is covered with a dense film, which during growth can change its color from pale brown to rich ocher.

As they grow older, the hemispherical shape expands and becomes saucer-like, the inside of which resembles a pillow.

Distinctive feature- this mushroom is never damaged by insects. Due to this, it looks very attractive. But you shouldn't add it to your basket.

If you get into the mycelium, even small piece false porcini mushroom, the taste of the dish will be irrevocably spoiled.

Be sure to look below in our photo gallery to see what the gall fungus bitterling looks like in the photo.

How does poisoning manifest itself?

As mentioned above, some biologists classify the mustard mushroom as inedible, but not poisonous. Scientists agree that eating this forest beauty is impossible only because of its unpleasant taste.

Foreign colleagues refute this theory. The pulp of the false porcini mushroom releases toxic substances that are quickly absorbed into the human blood upon any contact, even tactile contact. These substances penetrate the liver cells, where they exert their destructive effects.

On the first day after the “tongue test” while collecting this mushroom, a person may feel slightly dizzy and weak. Subsequently, all symptoms disappear. The first signs appear after a few weeks.

Problems begin with the secretion of bile. The functioning of the liver is impaired. At high concentrations of toxins, liver cirrhosis may develop.

Thus, you yourself can make the correct conclusion about whether the gall false porcini mushroom can be eaten and whether it is edible for humans. One has only to think that even forest animals, insects and worms do not try to feast on the attractive pulp of this representative of the mushroom kingdom.